夏商神龙祐王的信仰以及圣王神子观念

最近几年来,笔者以夏商礼器的纹饰、甲骨文、金文和传世神话内容互相参证,发现华夏巫觋信仰中有颇为关键的双嘴夔龙崇拜。此种崇拜滥觞于中原夏人巫觋文化中,且影响商周信仰的发展。在上述研究之基础上,本文进一步用甲骨卜辞、传世神话、古代美术探讨中国帝王观念与神龙信仰的关系。华夏先民相信,大巫魁酋或立国圣王都不是由人所生的凡人,而是由神龙所生的神人。圣王神子从其母体获得了超俗的智慧,故能通天通地,成大巫、国王,智明治理天下,管制黎庶。此种观点自上古流传至近代。     

甲骨文中的“濒”字及相关问题

在甲骨文中经常出现“涉”字,其形为人的两只脚分在河水两侧,表示人涉水渡河之意。但在《甲骨文编》一书中的“涉”字条下却归纳了三个明显和“涉”字形不相同的字,其形为人的两只脚在水的一侧,这样的字应该是“濒”字,古文字中“濒”、“频”乃是一字之分化。通过对“濒”字的分析,得出效卣、效尊中出现的“濒子”一词,应为“卑子”,即青铜器铭文中常见的“小子”一词。     

殷商甲骨文中的祭祀牲品再考察

利用新的研究成果和考古发现,对甲骨文祭祀卜辞中的牲品类别以及分布可作更详细地归类分析。参照少数民族保留的古习俗,对“牢”的性质及在祭祀中的特殊重要的地位可作补充说明,还对牲品的祭祀方法作了探讨。     

从甲骨文“男”、“女”二字之构形看男尊女卑之必然

“男”字的甲骨文构形为以力耕于田,所以男子在农耕时代处于物质生产的主导地位,也决定了其社会地位的不断提高;而“女”字的甲骨文构形,乃是女子跪着操持家务的形象,女子退出物质生产领域而以操持家务为职,直接导致了其地位的江河日下,使男尊女卑成为历史的必然。“男”、“女”二字之甲骨文构形是男尊女卑形成的一个活化石。     

甲骨文家谱刻辞研究——对《库、方二氏藏甲骨卜辞》第1506片甲骨的考察

《库、方二氏藏甲骨卜辞》一书中第1506片甲骨刻辞涉及到所谓的“家谱刻辞”,对其真伪的研究,在过去的百年甲骨学史上,一直是甲骨学界和殷商史研究中争议不决的热点问题。而且,明显地形成了观点截然对立的以于省吾先生和胡厚宣先生为代表的真伪两派学术阵营。本文在认真考证和分析研究的基础上,得出了这片甲骨为真品的结论。     

The perceptions of female media professionals in Kuwait about their job: an empowerment perspective

This study explores the perceptions of women who work in the media in Kuwait—a conservative, male-dominated society. It examines how female media professionals are treated and explores the factors that either encourage or discourage the empowerment of Kuwaiti women working in this field. In-depth interviews were conducted with five female media professionals and academics in Kuwait in order to develop measures of perceptions towards their profession, media organizations, and the general outlook of Kuwait society. The perceptions of a sample of 237 female media professionals were measured using a fifty-one-item questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis shows that the respondents’ perceptions are grouped into eight sets of variables. The results show that, while the respondents feel empowered by education, regulations, and the current lifestyle in Kuwait, their cultural upbringing, self-image, and societal outlook discourage their empowerment.     

政党治理视域中的群众路线

在群众中学习,在学习中把握执政规律,在尊重规律中求得发展,在科学发展中巩固执政地位。当代中国处于迅速发展的社会转型期,伴随着经济全球化、政治民主化以及文化多元化的冲击,社会结构日益复杂化,人民群众的利益诉求日趋多样化,执政党在处理党群关系的实践中面临着新的形势,而要顺应新形势,必须要创新党群关系的思路和方法。文章分析了执政党处理党群关系所面临的新的问题和挑战,指出必须要从战略高度认识到群众路线之于政党治理的重要意义,阐明了政党治理的价值目标与为人民服务的内在契合;指出在政党治理视域下,坚持群众路线的着力点,即要发挥群众主体作用、创新党群沟通方式、树立依法治理理念、建立联系群众制度。只有把群众路线与政党治理结合起来,才能不断提高党治国理政的能力,实现党自身肩负的历史使命。     

The impact of age,BMI and sex hormone on aging males’ symptoms and the international index of erectile function scores

Objective: To analyze the impact of age, BMI and sex hormone on aging males’ symptoms (AMS) and the 5-item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) scores in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jiashan County. A total of 969 men, aged between 40 and 80 years old, were admitted. Physical examination and the sex hormones were measured, and AMS and IIEF-5 scores were assessed.

Results: The oneway ANOVA analysis indicated older age groups had higher AMS total-scores, somatic and sexual sub-scores, and lower IIEF5 scores (all p?r_pairwise) analyses showed the significant associations between AMS and age or sex hormone (cFT, Bio-T, SHBG, and LH) levels, and similar for IIEF5. However, when age was adjusted, the correlation coefficients (r_partial) weakened, and correlation significance disappeared, except LH (for AMS: r_partial?=?0.096, p?=?.009; for IIEF-5: r_partial?= ?0.140, p?=?.001). Multiple linear regressions confirmed the influence of increased age and LH on the AMS and IIEF5 scores.

Conclusion: CFT, Bio-T and SHBG failed to yield any additional predicting information when age was adjusted. To improve the male reproductive health, future research should pay more attention on aging-related comorbidities and how to improve general wellness.     

Who is leading the campaign charts? Comparing individual popularity on old and new media

Attention in the mass media is seen as crucial for electoral success. However, most ordinary candidates hardly get any attention in the news. With social media outlets becoming ever more popular, the question is whether the overall asymmetry in attention for candidates still holds today. Do candidates who dominate the traditional media during the campaign also dominate the social media? Or can candidates make up for a lack of mass media coverage by attracting attention on these new media platforms? This paper aims to answer these questions by pairing Twitter activity and Twitter popularity with newspaper attention for a large number of individual candidates in the 2014 Belgian election campaign. We expand the normalization versus equalization debate by not only looking at how much a new medium is used, but also at its success in terms of popularity and audience reach. Our findings show that the two platforms are indeed related, mainly because a small political elite dominates both old and new media. Twitter popularity and Twitter activity (albeit to a lesser extent) are higher among powerful politicians. We elaborate on why these findings are so much in line with the normalization hypothesis.