张之洞与中国铁路建设

张之洞是晚清社会颇有作为的封建官吏。其后半生的政绩与中国铁路紧密相连,曾主持修建了芦汉铁路、江浙铁路,并为粤汉铁路、川汉铁路的建设费尽了毕生的精力。为解决铁路建设的资金问题,他始终坚持"权自我操"的原则,借债筑路。为实现铁路材料"自产自销,利不外溢",张之洞创建铁路交通企业,生产了大量的筑路产品,较大程度地维护了中国铁路的利权。     

论民间金融的策略性选择

民间金融是指没有纳入中国人民银行等金融监管机构的常规监管体系,并缺乏政府协调和指导的民间自发的金融活动。民间金融对于经济发展既有积极的支持作用,也产生一定的负面影响。因此,应在正视其存在的客观性的同时,通过立法明确其地位,并逐步将其纳入我国统一的金融监管体系。     

红军军歌的成因及其衍变

军歌是歌曲体裁中的一种.创建于20世纪20年代的中国工农红军,军歌是其军事文化中的重要组成部分.本文试从红军军歌的产生背景、音乐来源等方面,探讨红军军歌的形成及其衍变过程.     

Two Generations, Two Strategies: The Fate of Bare English–origin Nouns in Ukrainian

The status of lone nouns of one language in discourse of another is often ambiguous, since they typically provide few indications of their language membership. Making use of the facts of linguistic variability in each of Ukrainian and English, we examine the quantitative conditioning of such forms in bilingual performance data. Results yield a synchronic portrait of the integrated loanword, even when it bears no surface indication of that integration, is neither recurrent nor widespread, and has no history of attestation or other status in the language. Distinguishing the languages involved in the contact situation (Canada) as produced by the first generation (G₁) or the second generation (G₂), further reveals that G₁ speakers incorporate borrowed items – nonce or established – into recipient language discourse by applying to them the fine details of their native language constraints on linguistic variability. In contrast, G₂ speakers' treatment of English-origin nouns coincides neither with their own treatment of Ukrainian nouns nor with G₁ speakers' treatment of Ukrainian or English–origin nouns.     

How to Make Model‐free Feature Screening Approaches for Full Data Applicable to the Case of Missing Response?

It is quite a challenge to develop model‐free feature screening approaches for missing response problems because the existing standard missing data analysis methods cannot be applied directly to high dimensional case. This paper develops some novel methods by borrowing information of missingness indicators such that any feature screening procedures for ultrahigh‐dimensional covariates with full data can be applied to missing response case. The first method is the so‐called missing indicator imputation screening, which is developed by proving that the set of the active predictors of interest for the response is a subset of the active predictors for the product of the response and missingness indicator under some mild conditions. As an alternative, another method called Venn diagram‐based approach is also developed. The sure screening property is proven for both methods. It is shown that the complete case analysis can also keep the sure screening property of any feature screening approach with sure screening property.     

不同借贷利率下投资组合的有效前沿

文章研究了不同借贷利率下投资组合的有效前沿,并运用我们自己创立的一种几何方法给出了该有效前沿的方程。首先把Markowitz模型的有效前沿用投资组合的权重向量表示出来,然后将不同借贷利率下的资本市场线(CML)也用投资组合的权重向量表示出来,再由CML的定义在Markowitz模型的有效前沿上分别求出不同借贷利率下资本市场线与Markowitz模型有效前沿的切点,同时也得到不同借贷利率下CML的斜率,这样我们就得到了不同借贷利率下投资组合的有效前沿。     

借用手法与DIY设计

文章从艺术史角度分析了"借用"手法的发展历程,深入探讨了"借用"手法之于当代艺术和设计特别是DIY设计的重要性,并最终推断出"借用"手法成为DIY设计所依附的重要表现手法是设计趋势发展的必然结果.     

Limits of the Literal: Five Recent Books About Metaphor

Charles Forceville. Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising.
Raymond W. Gibbs Jr. The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language and Understanding.
Andrew Ortony (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. (2nd edition)
Gerard Steen. Understanding Metaphor in Literature: an Empirical Approach.
Roger M. White. The Structure of Metaphor     

论吴承恩《西游记》小说及其成书之前的取经故事

在吴承恩《西游记》小说成书之前,唐僧师徒西天取经的故事便以戏曲、小说、说唱等多种艺术样式广泛在民间传播,这无疑为吴承恩的小说创作提供了丰富的源泉。这里依据《大唐三藏取经诗话》、《唐三藏西天取经》杂剧等相关文献,从取经人、取经故事、取经故事的寓意等三方面,比较《西游记》成书之前的这些原始材料与吴承恩《西游记》小说的异同,以此考察吴承恩作为小说家的独特创造性。     

略论水彩画创作的"环境"

水彩画创作应有一种适宜的"环境".其"环境"一是指创作主体本身的主观环境,二是指艺术家所处的社会与时代背景及艺术导向与艺术批评的氛围.