Convolution power kernels for density estimation

We propose a new type of non-parametric density estimators fitted to random variables with lower or upper-bounded support. To illustrate the method, we focus on nonnegative random variables. The estimators are constructed using kernels which are densities of empirical means of m i.i.d. nonnegative random variables with expectation 1. The exponent m   plays the role of the bandwidth. We study the pointwise mean square error and propose a pointwise adaptive estimator. The risk of the adaptive estimator satisfies an almost oracle inequality. A noteworthy result is that the adaptive rate is in correspondence with the smoothness properties of the unknown density as a function on (0,+∞)$(0,+\infty )$. The adaptive estimators are illustrated on simulated data. We compare our approach with the classical kernel estimators.     

农民维权理性的法理学思考

当代农民维权行动具有强烈的工具理性特征。以工具理性为主导的农民维权行动虽能在特定个案中发挥作用,但其隐含的压制性逻辑却会对社会和谐产生负面影响,难以产生普适性的问题解决规则,难以摆脱工具理性自我否定的内在困境。交往理性是超越工具理性,并使农民维权行动获得理性化发展的基础。     

论斯宾诺莎自然法思想的基本构成

斯宾诺莎的自然法思想强调自然法、自然权利、自然权力之间的等同关系。从表面看,三者之间的等同关系似乎失之独断,令人费解。但如果从其全部哲学的基底概念“实体”出发,将其自然法思想分殊为两层语境,即实体语境与个体语境,那么,通过分析“实体”概念统筹下的语境论述,就会使这种等同关系的合理性和意义显明起来。实体语境中的等同关系表明一种理想的观念学,个体语境中的等同关系则表明一种现实的政治学。阐明两种语境的过渡与转换,也便阐明了其自然法思想的基本构成。     

价值理性与工具理性：语文教学中情感教育

语文教学中的情感因素越来越受到人们的重视,新一轮语文课程改革就把情感目标提升到课程目标的维度加以阐述。但当前语文教学中,过于强调工具理性导致了情感教育方式的失灵。情感教育的价值取向应摆脱工具理性的“铁笼”,实现价值理性与工具理性的有效融合,从而实现语文情感教育的价值回归与价值实现。     

The World Social Forum: Another World Might Be Possible

First, I briefly examine the genesis of debate to define the World Social Forum (WSF) as a contributor to the global justice movement (GJM), since its emergence in Brazil in 2001. I then consider Geoffrey Pleyers' argument identifying a central tension within the WSF, and the GJM in general, between actors seeking to achieve non-domination by expressing anti-power subjectivity and those for whom the path to non-domination lay in strategising and designing counter-powers. Describing what transpired at WSF Dakar 2011and debates since, I question Pleyers' classificatory schema as leading to an unhelpful essentialism. That is, identifying a ‘two paths’ ideal-type and setting out to locate it in the world serves to legitimise one ‘tendency’ of progressive social movements. By contrast with Pleyers' evenly balanced approach—treating of each ‘path’ as possessing the same positive and negative qualities, rather than as qualitatively different moments in the practice of opposing domination—I find that what he calls ‘the path of subjectivity’ might rather be understood as the product of a certain lack of appreciation of the nature of the demands that opposing political tyranny places upon particpants in an organisation or movement.     

从异化之思到本真之思——存在之维的缺失与重建

海德格尔认为,被形而上学看作思想之本质的理性实际上是本真的思的异化物,它从表象性思维出发,将一切都作为对象看待,不仅遮蔽了存在本身,也遮蔽了本真的思。在他看来,本真意义上的思是与存在本身的应和,是对人们存在“根基”的沉思,只有返回存在本身,归属于存在本身,思才能显现其本真性。海德格尔的这一思想是对传统理性的反叛,同时也表现出非理性主义的色彩。     

思想政治教育话语体系构建

中国特色话语体系的建构为思想政治教育话语创新提供了新的契机。思想教育工作者需要通过话语体系建构不断增强思想政治教育的现实性与学理性,同时,通过推进思想政治教育话语创新,增强思想政治教育的认同感。     

Visual Expressions of Corporate Superiority: A Review of Jacqueline Hassinck’s Photographic Art Project and Booklet ‘The Table of Power’

Arguing that institutional rationality constitutes a meta‐institution upon which the specific institutions of the capitalist social order depend, this paper explores the possibility that it might be interrogated through the imaginary worlds created by readers in their responses to literary fiction. It does so by constructing a fictive encounter between the response aesthetics of Wolfgang Iser and two novels by Ian McEwan, Saturday and Enduring love, both of which feature institutional rationality as a core element of the ‘reality’ from which they are constructed.

The conclusions are somewhat negative. The problems posed to McEwan’s personifications of institutional rationality, despite the author’s reputation for arbitrary and sometimes macabre plotlines, are nowhere such as to call into question their understandings of the events which befall them. Nor, reading the novels as explorations of that very one‐dimensionality, are readers likely to be induced into a questioning of their own understandings of the world. This is because the novels in question, like most modern literary fiction, have been produced within a tradition which reaches back to the romantic/humanist reaction to institutional rationality, and this makes it possible for readers to distance themselves from characters in which it is exemplified. Far from producing a critical Imaginary, readers who respond in this manner are likely to externalize any interrogations of institutional rationality suggested by its fictional recontextualization and produce, instead, one in which the superiority of their own understandings of the world is confirmed. Whilst this may be opposed to institutional rationality in the routinised sense of an antagonistic accommodation, nothing new is added by the reading of the novels.

Whilst some of the problem may lie in the characterization of the principle protagonists in the selected novels – which is both flat and static – it is suggested that there is also a problem with the initial expectation of a critical imaginary created by Iser’s theory. The fact is that its creation depends on an assumed response on the part of the reader that has no evidential basis. This empirical deficit cannot be made good either by Iser’s earlier construct of an ‘implied reader’, nor by his later posit of self‐aware role‐taking as a fundamental anthropological need. Whilst one cannot rule out the possibility that some readers might respond as Iser supposes – even to the novels discussed in this paper – there is no particular reason to rule it in either.     

论医疗改革的伦理本位

从哲学视角反思始于1999年的医疗改革失败的根本原因,探讨医疗改革成功的基础是中国当代哲学需直面的时代课题。研究发现,医疗制度设计过度理性、伦理缺失是导致改革失败的最核心的原因。为此,构建医疗卫生改革的伦理内涵,回归医改的伦理本质是中国医疗改革成功的哲学基础。     

语言适应论的认识论意义

语言适应论的形成和发展,极大地丰富了语用学的研究思想。它的认识论意义在于：语言适应论在很大程度上体现了“满意决策”理论的“有限理性”思想与复杂适应系统（CAS）理论的“适应性”思想。它充分考虑到语言使用过程中的确定性与不确定性、偶然性与必然性、适应性与复杂性之间的相互作用,不仅超越了传统语用学思想与经典完美理性观,而且建构了语用学新的研究范式。