Significance and impotence: towards a balanced view of the null and the alternative hypotheses in marker selection for plant breeding

Summary.  The isolation of DNA markers that are linked to interesting genes helps plant breeders to select parent plants that transmit useful traits to future generations. Such 'marker-assisted breeding and selection' heavily leans on statistical testing of associations between markers and a well-chosen trait. Statistical association analysis is guided by classical p -values or the false discovery rate and thus relies predominantly on the null hypothesis. The main concern of plant breeders, however, is to avoid missing an important alternative. To judge evidence from this perspective, we complement the traditional p -value with a one-sided 'alternative p -value' which summarizes evidence against a target alternative in the direction of the null hypothesis. This p -value measures 'impotence' as opposed to significance: how likely is it to observe an outcome as extreme as or more extreme than the one that was observed when data stem from the alternative? We show how a graphical inspection of both p -values can guide marker selection when the null and the alternative hypotheses have a comparable importance. We derive formal decision tools with balanced properties yielding different rejection regions for different markers. We apply our approach to study rye-grass plants.     

植物新品种保护制度对育种投资结构的影响分析

通过对全国公共育种科研机构与育种企业进行问卷调查,获取了有关新品种研发的数据,并从理论和实证两个角度进行分析研究。结果发现,植物新品种保护能够促进育种单位增加对育种研发的自主投资和融资,从而改善育种单位育种投资结构,而育种企业与公共科研机构的育种投资组成部分对其投资结构改善的作用又各异。     

关于高校设立图书馆专业分馆的设想

文章分析了高等学校院系资料室的管理现状,论述了在高校设立图书馆专业分馆的必要性和可行性,介绍了高校设立图书馆专业分馆的具体步骤和设想,指出设立分馆可实现资源的优化配置和充分利用,更好地为广大师生员工服务。     

我国肉牛产业经济发展形势及对策建议

在介绍我国肉牛产业发展现状、牛肉市场供需、价格走势以及进出口贸易等情况的基础上,剖析了产业经济发展过程中存在的问题和面临的危机,并从加强肉牛良种补贴、保护好基础母牛群、重视奶公牛利用、完善产业链利益分配体制、严打假冒伪劣和走私、应用“互联网+”构建肉牛全产业链、创建国产牛肉自主品牌和加强种业科技创新和健康养殖技术推广等方面,提出了促进我国肉牛产业发展和提质增效的对策性建议。     

高a-亚麻酸亚麻新品种9646-2-2-1选育报告

9646-2-2-1以86190为母本,以87087-7-2为父本经过杂交选育而成,经过7年的试验、示范,该品种平均产量为1042.5kg/hm2,较ck平均产量780.0kg/hm2增产33.7%。高抗枯萎病,a-亚麻酸含量较高,除了具有较高的食用价值外,在医药上也有着广泛的用途。     

刺猬的生态习性、养殖与开发利用

采用野外生态观察结合饲养实验的方法,初步研究了刺猬的生态习性、养殖管理、猬皮的采集与加工,可为该动物的养殖、开发利用及种群保护提供科学依据.     

关于生命科学的几对基本概念

文章着重探讨和澄清生物体与生命体系、种与物种、生殖与繁殖，无性生殖与有性生殖四对基本概念。     

Variation in breeding parameters of the Australian magpie Gymnorhina tibicen in suburban and rural environments

The breeding ecology of the Australian magpie Gymnorhina tibicen in suburban and rural areas was compared as part of a study into the synanthropy of the species in southeast Queensland, Australia. During the two years of the study suburban magpies were found to have significantly advanced breeding dates compared to rural magpies. Suburban magpies typically re-nested when an initial nest failed, although this did not result in greater productivity than that of the rural magpies. Suburban magpies had similar mean numbers of young per breeding pair; they also showed higher mortality between fledging and a final count in February. This study suggests that introduced predators and deaths due to motor vehicles may account for this mortality in suburban areas. Anthropogenic factors present within suburban areas such as the watering of lawns and the widespread provision of food for wildlife are likely to play an important role in the differences in the timing of breeding. In addition, temperature may also have an inhibitory effect on the onset of breeding, an influence lessened in the suburban areas due to higher temperatures.     

人文社科类专业研究生定量分析能力现状调查研究

通过人文社会科学类专业研究生问卷调查,分析其定量分析能力的现状及其特点,发现不同专业、不同年级以及不同职业意向研究生在定量分析意识、定量分析基础以及对定量分析方法应用的态度上存在一定差异。目前人文社科类专业研究生大多数都已认识到定量分析方法是一种重要的科研手段,希望能掌握一定的定量分析方法并加以运用,但整体上看他们定量分析的基础还比较薄弱,高校对定量分析课程课时安排不尽合理,研究生对相关知识的学习还不充分,一定程度上影响了其定量分析能力的提高和运用。因此,应该从进一步提高对定量分析方法重要作用的认识、合理安排课程、注重提高实践动手能力三个方面来加强研究生定量分析能力的培养。     

黄缘龙虱生物学习性的观察及人工饲养技术的研究

龙虱不但具有很高的食用价值,而且具有良好的保健与医疗价值,龙虱正在形成新的养殖业.深入详尽了解龙虱生物学习性及饲养技术的主要难点是人工饲养龙虱的基础性研究,笔者以野生黄缘龙虱为试验材料,对其生物学习性及人工养殖进行了观察研究,为龙虱养殖业的快速发展提供参考.