Transition Programming for Sustainable Livelihoods Beyond Institutional Care in Zimbabwe: Service Providers’ Perspectives

This article explores the perspectives and programme needs of transition service providers (institutions and the government) in preparing and supporting adolescent girls leaving institutional care in Harare, Zimbabwe. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with institutional staff from Institution A (government‐owned) and Institution B (privately owned) and social services officers from the Department of Child Welfare and Probation Services. Service providers define successful transition programming as the provision of comprehensive services and support to facilitate the achievement of sustainable livelihoods beyond care and recommend the development of well‐resourced transition models for adolescent girls leaving institutional care.     

养老保险政府责任的经济学分析

从理论上分析并探讨政府在养老保险制度中的地位与作用,明晰政府在养老保险制度中应当担负的责任,对养老保险制度的健康发展具有非常重要的意义。本文以市场失灵和政府失灵理论为基础,对政府介入养老保险的必要性和政府应适度干预养老保险的必要性从经济学角度进行了分析,并对政府在养老保险制度中应当担负的责任提出了自己的观点。     

广西科技投入与科技产出的灰色关联优势分析

运用灰色关联优势分析方法对广西科技投入与科技产出之间的关联关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：科技经费投入是影响科技产出的最主要因素,而在科技经费投入中,政府资金对科技产出的影响效果最为明显;相对科技成果市场化与直接产出（专利）而言,产品创新能力最强。     

农业产业化加速发展背景下种养业农民专业合作社主体关系博弈分析

种养业农民专业合作社是目前我国一种重要类型的农民专业合作社。运用博弈的基本理论和方法,对此类合作组织中的农户、农民专业合作社、收购商等不同博弈方在采取不同博弈策略中的得益情况进行深入分析,从中发现降低农户加入合作社的成本是合作组织发展壮大的有效措施,农户愿意遵守农产品种养技术标准是一种较为稳定的状态和趋势,违约金的多少是决定买卖契约得到切实履行的重要因素。最后提出加快种养类农民专业合作社发展的相关建议。     

美国棕色区域环境责任保险及其对我国的启示与借鉴

在过去的十多年里,美国国会和大多数州都制定了棕色区域立法.其目的在很大程度上是鼓励开发商对那些已经遭受污染但有恢复可能性的工商业用地进行再开发.但棕色区域立法在有利于污染用地再开发的同时,也存在一些立法上的缺陷,因此棕色区域环境责任保险应运而生.目前,我国环境污染责任保险承保棕色区域环境污染风险问题,在实践上基本还是空白,在理论探讨方面也相当薄弱.我们应该借鉴美国的做法,在环境污染责任保险中尝试担保棕色区域环境风险,使我国环保立法与发达国家保持同步.     

对短道速度滑冰比赛中“犯规干扰”的调查与分析

“犯规干扰”是短道速度滑冰运动员在竞赛中以犯规行为造成的对其他运动员在技术或战术方面的一种影响和破坏,以不同程度地干扰其他运动员水平的发挥,严重时会导致竞争的失败或出现伤害事故。其中以横切、碰撞、推人等性质造成的干扰最严重,外侧滑行受干扰率最多。基于此研究,为短道速滑运动队提供直接、有效地运动实践的指导。     

聘礼现象的文化透视

世界上大多数民族在订婚时都要送聘礼,主要是男方向女方父母表达对女儿的养育之恩.聘礼有多种形态,反映出不同民族的消费结构、经济类型和传统文化特征.聘礼是一种包含着多重文化意义的象征符号,能体现不同的使用价值、社会价值和象征意义等社会文化功能.     

Estimates of the Health Risk Reductions Associated with Attainment of Alternative Particulate Matter Standards in Two U.S. Cities

As part of its periodic re-evaluation of particulate matter (PM) standards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimated the health risk reductions associated with attainment of alternative PM standards in two locations in the United States with relatively complete air quality data: Philadelphia and Los Angeles. PM standards at the time of the analysis were defined for particles of aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 microm, denoted as PM-10. The risk analyses estimated the risk reductions that would be associated with changing from attainment of the PM-10 standards then in place to attainment of alternative standards using an indicator measuring fine particles, defined as those particles of aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microm and denoted as PM-2.5. Annual average PM-2.5 standards of 12.5, 15, and 20 microg/m3 were considered in various combinations with daily PM-2.5 standards of 50 and 65 microg/m3. Attainment of a standard or set of standards was simulated by a proportional rollback of "as is" daily PM concentrations to daily PM concentrations that would just meet the standard(s). The predicted reductions in the incidence of health effects varied from zero, for those alternative standards already being met, to substantial reductions of over 88% of all PM-associated incidence (e.g., in mortality associated with long-term exposures in Los Angeles, under attainment of an annual standard of 12.5 microg/m3). Sensitivity analyses and integrated uncertainty analyses assessed the multiple-source uncertainty surrounding estimates of risk reduction.     

关于管理创新问题的辩证思考

管理创新反映着时代主题的必然要求 ,本文从管理艺术、高科技、知识经济及市场经济等多个方面 ,论证了在我国实行管理创新的重要性和必然性 ,同时 ,运用辩证思想分析了管理创新问题 ,认为实行管理创新必须遵循创新规律 ,必须以主客观条件为依据。