Factors in Differential Utilization of Services by Urban Elderly

This paper examines the extent to which people aged 60 years and over living in the inner city of New York utilize community services. It was found that agencies providing income maintenance were utilized by the highest percentage of fhe respondents, followed, in order, by the police, religious organizations, and the housing authority. Among the lowest in reported utilization were voluntary social agencies such as settlement houses and family service agencies. There was also a low level of utilization of visiting nurse and homemaker services. Differences in utilization were found among ethnic groups represented in the population. Reasons for the low level of service utilization are discussed.     

曾祥芹及其独立文章学的研究

曾祥芹是一个文章学家。他倡议要创建独立的文章学，并为此不懈地从“读写双快原理”和“阅读学”两方面进行研究。但文章学还没有获得独立，其原因是：1．文章学的自身建设存在问题；2．一些人，包括文章学研究者和语文教师，都缺乏文章学的观念。此外，它也没有得到有关权力部门的支持。因此，文章学研究虽然取得了成绩，但还有遗憾。     

数学隐蔽条件类型探析

数学隐蔽条件是解决数学问题的重要组成部分。数学问题一般所关联的内容较多 ,范围和跨度都较大 ,因此它的隐蔽条件也较多。正确地发掘、识别和使用数学隐蔽条件 ,是培养解决数学问题能力的基础     

关于我国增值税类型转换的分析

现行生产型增值税在其运行过程中存在诸多问题 ,如没有完全解决重复征税 ,不利于企业技术创新、技术改造和我国进出口贸易的发展 ,以及对增值税抵扣链条的完整性也带来影响。所以 ,实现增值税转型已成必然 ,建议实行消费型增值税。在具体操作上要考虑分类、分步实施的办法 ,并要注意简化税率 ,公平对待两类纳税人和加强增值税征收管理     

Grieving the Loss of a Pet Needs the Health System Recognition

Globally there is increased presence of pets in the households. This non-human relationship, with its dimensions of physical and emotional bonds, can get severely jolted on the death of the companion animal. It sets a feeling, ‘our life is now left with a void and the house feels utterly empty’. Unlike the loss of a child, spouse or parent which become a shared tragedy; others may not understand the depth of sadness and a sense of void in a grieving pet owner. Emotional pain and physical distress due to the loss of a companion animal are likely to be pronounced. A big challenge for the medical community is to anticipate, identify and address physical and psychosocial symptom burdens in a timely manner.     

抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育的层次原则探析

抚顺战犯管理所于20世纪50-70年代这一特殊时期成功改造了日本战犯、伪满洲国战犯和国民党反动集团战犯，创造了历史奇迹，堪称思想政治教育工作典范。针对不同类型的战犯进行思想教育改造，层次原则是必不可少的。本文从基本内涵、客观必要性、实践经验三个方面探析了抚顺战犯改造中思想政治教育的层次原则。     

城市公园家具人性化设计的价值取向和基本原则

城市公园家具人性化设计体现的是一种以人为本、一切围绕人们的生活和工作来创造美好的户外环境的设计理念.城市公园家具人性化设计的价值取向是生态关怀、和谐美好和情感诉求,当前城市公园家具设计欠缺科学性和识别性、忽视多样性和参与性、轻视环境意识和安全性.因此,城市公园家具人性化设计应该坚持功能性、私密性、趣味性、可持续性、人文性和景观性原则.     

电子商务大潮下的税收应对

论述了电子商务对我国现行税制的影响 :动摇了税制要素 ,影响了中性原则 ,降低了效率违背了公平原则。列举了电子商务给税收征管工作带来的困难 :税收流失风险加大 ,征收对象性质和数量难以明确 ,管辖范围难以确定 ,税收征管失去了数据基础。讨论了电子商务的税收原则 :中性原则 ,财政收入原则 ,公平原则。最后探讨了电子商务的税收政策     

Alzheimer's Disease Caregiver Burden: Does Resilience Matter?

Caring for an individual with Alzheimer's disease is at times challenging and can lead to caregiver burden. Resilience is a personality characteristic that has emerged as a protective factor among aging individuals. This study was conducted to examine the moderating effect of resilience between caregiver stressors and caregiver burden. The results indicate that resilience was not identified as a moderator between stressors and caregiver burden; however, a relationship exists between resilience and caregiver burden. Specifically, as resilience in Alzheimer's disease caregivers increases, their caregiver burden decreases. These findings highlight the importance of supportive interventions that will increase resilience in Alzheimer's disease caregivers.     

“综合文本”意识下的冲突法研究进路

冲突法的研究大致围绕"为何适用外国法"及"如何适用外国法"两大主题展开,其中,理解"为何"是我们思考"如何"的前提。而现今世界所呈现的是各种问题与各种知识之间的互动结构。这一事实已然使我们不得不以一种"综合文本"的意识来解读"为何适用外国法"。在综合文本的意识下,借由缘起于中国传统的"天下"理念,我们应基于"无外"的原则在"和而不同"的框架下形成适用外国法的精神自觉。