How far merit selection? Social stratification and the labour market1

The question of how societies allocate occupational positions and subsequent rewards has long been of interest to sociologists. According to one influential theory, the needs of modern industrial societies and economies demand that high-level and functionally important occupational positions are allocated according to meritocratic principles. I argue that, ultimately, employers get the final say about which characteristics are rewarded in the labour market. In order to examine which skills and attributes are required by employers for particular occupations I analyse data drawn from a content analysis of c.5000 British newspaper job advertisements. The results show that both merit and non-merit characteristics are requested by employers in job advertisements, even for occupations falling within the higher classes. I also find evidence that employers have similar requirements for similar occupations, cross-cutting class boundaries.     

媒介发展背景下收视注意力变化及其对电视剧创作的影响

媒介发展为大众传播带来巨大变化,影响了收视方式,也影响了观众对电视剧的注意力投入。从传统媒体时代到移动互联网时代,观众的注意力呈现出与收视氛围、收视状态变化相对应的特征变化——投入程度变深,投入时间缩短。观众的注意力从更换率低的、长时间的、无互动性的内容转移到更换频繁的、短时间的、有互动性的、社交式的内容上。在此情境下,电视剧创作必然呈现符合观众与媒介间注意力法则的新趋势——内容长度缩短,情节强度增强,以及对互动性进行一系列探索。     

“智慧教育+”环境下高校教育教学方法的探索与实践——以工科基础课教育教学为例

在“智慧教育+”的教育教学环境下,教学仍然存在着传统固有的缺陷,使得学生的学习达不到预期效果。文章以学生发展为中心,注重课程建设的创新与实践,通过构建研究型教学新方法,打造立体化的教学资源与高阶性的教学内容,注重多元化教学手段、数字化教学应用等方面的教育教学探索,从教育教学的“理论、实践、资源”三个维度持续提升学习效果。研究通过构建“研学实践”育人的教学方法,丰富课程内涵,实现了价值引领和能力培养的融合,探索出了符合地方高校实际需求的一种新型的教育教学方法。     

刍议环境权的界定

环境权的合理界定是环境权在法律上创设的前提,目前,学界对环境权的理解存在分歧,这主要体现在环境权的主体、客体和内容三个构成要素上。受现有的社会历史条件限制,环境权的主体只能是人和人的拟制体(即法人、其他组织、社团、国家);环境权的客体可以是物、行为、精神财富和其他权益;环境权的内容则由生态性权利和经济性权利组成。     

论认知隐喻观的理论阐释力

人类对隐喻的研究经历了一个漫长的历史阶段,隐喻理论的解释范围不断扩大。从古希腊的修辞观到对语言本体进行解释的语法隐喻以及语法化研究,从语言和思维相结合的概念隐喻到完全彻底的认知隐喻观,所有这些都对隐喻的研究做出了重大贡献。但一直以来在这些研究的背后,缺乏一种具有统一解释力的理论,即共性。从认知的角度出发我们可以发现,认知域之间的叠加和互动是各类隐喻最基本的工作原理,是隐喻的基本思维方式,是隐喻的共性;另一方面,隐喻的内容又是因民族和文化的不同而有所差异,这是隐喻的个性。     

大数据驱动下的影视文本创作 和生产模式变革

大数据正以其对规律和趋势的分析预测功能,对人们生活和影视内容生产产生日益深刻的影响。数据化思维是贯穿当下影视生产创作的重要思维形态,延承的正是传统数据化思维的基本认知过程。大数据驱动下的互动参与生产模式主要体现在,借助于受众行为数据分析,可以对导演、故事、表演、影像、剪辑和声音等影视元素进行选择,并在此基础上进行生产或再生产。这些将推动影视内容生产在技术和观念上不断变革。     

Distributed intervention: networked content moderation in anonymous mobile spaces

Given recent public focus on the use of digital tools to engage in discrimination and harassment, online platforms have come under increasing scrutiny to address online incivility. Many of these efforts have been critiqued for relying too heavily on technical tools or burdening individuals with the responsibility for reporting inappropriate actions. This research examines practices of digital bystander intervention on the anonymous localized mobile app Yik Yak. Through an analysis of the firsthand experiences of college students in the United States, this research identifies and investigates practices of networked intervention—that is, strategies of content moderation where success relies on collective action. Rooted in a general uncertainty and skepticism regarding reporting tools provided by the platform, findings suggest a preference for intervention practices that depend on distributed responsibility and networked activity. Taking inspiration from research on college bathroom graffiti—a parallel discursive environment—this paper employs the feminist theory of relational autonomy to explore the possibilities and limitations of networked intervention to cultivate individual and collective empowerment.     

Male dominance and sexism on YouTube: results of three content analyses

This study conceptually and empirically extends a study by Wotanis and McMillan in which the authors claimed that female video producers are underrepresented on YouTube and receive much more negative (including hostile and sexist) feedback than male YouTubers. Using quantitative content analysis, this study supported the claim of female underrepresentation. Among the top 100 most subscribed YouTube channels in nine different countries (N = 900 channels), with a statistically significant proportion of only 25%, female video producers were strongly underrepresented. Additionally, a second content analysis of N = 2,400 video comments directly replicated the original study’s main quantitative results. This analysis confirmed that the popular female US comedy YouTuber Jenna Mourey (“JennaMarbles”) received much more negative (including hostile and sexist) feedback than her male counterpart Ryan Higa (“nigahiga”). However, a third content analysis of N = 6,000 video comments from five other pairs of comparable comedy YouTubers did not reveal that women’s videos generally attract a larger number of negative video comments. Possibly, women attract more negative comments only if they display their sexuality (like Jenna Mourey) or address feminist topics, but not if they conform to gender role expectations. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed.     

中国传统哲学中的和谐思想及当代价值

中国传统哲学中包含有全面而丰富的和谐思想。它涵盖了关于人与自然的和谐,人与人、人与社会的和谐,人的身心和谐以及国家之间的和谐等思想。这些思想不仅是民族凝聚力、向心力的体现,是中华民族优秀传统文化,也为我们今天构建社会主义和谐社会及处理复杂多变的国际关系提供了丰富而有效的思想文化资源。     

新闻传播学中刻板印象研究综述

“刻板印象”这一概念引入中国已有20年。在这20年中,我国新闻传播学界对刻板印象的研究主要集中于四个方面：媒介内容中的刻板印象、使用刻板印象的原因及其效果、刻板印象的突破和“反用”、具体媒介工作流程中的刻板印象。当前我国新闻传播学界在刻板印象与媒介关系的研究中似存在如下两个尚待解决的问题：首先。对什么是“刻板印象”的界定有待廓清与统一。仅从媒介内容归纳刻板印象的内容,多少有误用概念之嫌,既不能全面揭示特定时段中刻板印象的内涵,也无助于深入探索媒介与刻板印象的复杂关系。于是,如何在廓清概念的基础上,揭示刻板印象与媒介的复杂关系,也就成了当前另一个需要进一步深入的问题。