Getting low educated and older people into work: The role of fiscal policy

Raising employment, in particular employment among older individuals and low educated individuals, stands high on the agenda of policy makers in many OECD countries. Increased sensitivity in recent years to rising inequality has made the challenge only larger. In this paper we evaluate alternative fiscal policy scenarios to face this challenge. We construct and use an overlapping generations model for an open economy where individuals differ not only by age, but also by innate ability and human capital. The model allows us to study effects on aggregate employment, per capita income and welfare, as well as effects for specific age and ability groups. We show that well-considered fiscal policy changes can significantly improve macroeconomic productive efficiency, without increasing intergenerational or intragenerational welfare inequality. Our results strongly prefer a reduction in the labor tax rate on older workers and on all low-wage earners, financed by an overall reduction in non-employment benefits. An alternative financing option is to raise the consumption tax rate. These results are to be seen as long-run effects for economies at potential output.     

以舆抗争：农民维权方式的新变化

进入新世纪以来,由土地开发、征地纠纷等引发的农民维权现象较为普遍,有些甚至升级为重大群体性事件,给人民生命财产造成了重大损失。面对这些冲突,农民维权方式先后经历了＂日常抵抗＂、＂依法抗争＂和＂以法抗争＂三种行为模式的演变。作为转型期农民维权的新方式,＂以舆抗争＂有其自己独特的产生原因和维权步骤,也有自身其正、负两方面的社会效应,需要全面把握。＂以舆抗争＂的出现并不会完全取代传统维权方式,而是会在特定的维权情境中以最优的效果和其他维权方式进行组合,成为今后一段时期内越来越常见的维权方式,更加有力地表达农民的权利诉求,实现权利的维护。     

民族地区非物质文化遗产保护立法的几个问题

寻求用法律措施保护非物质文化遗产从目的上说乃是为了保护人类文化多样性和创造力。但目前我国一些地区实施这样的办法有很多困难,如果这些困难得不到解决而匆匆制定这样那样的法律,则不但达不到用法律保护之目的,反而破坏了原有的那些非物质文化遗产。本文试图从民族地区的角度来探讨非物质文化遗产保护立法中应重视的一系列问题。     

试论在贿赂案件中引入污点证人豁免制度

取证难已成为我国检察机关办理贿赂案件面临的重大难题,为了取得行受贿双方的供述,侦查人员往往费尽周折,结果却不尽人意,甚至有时还会发生刑讯逼供等违法侦查现象。污点证人豁免制度能够巧妙地利用行受贿双方之间的矛盾,取得供述,从而节约诉讼成本,提高诉讼效率,很好地解决这一问题。     

略论自然法理念对二十世纪中国法治精神建构的基础性作用

自然法理念根源于古希腊思想文化,对西方现代法治的形成和发展有着深远的影响。中国学者自十九世纪末开始受到自然法理念的冲击和启蒙,对如何认识和建构法治提出了种种观点;在政治层面,自然法理念推动了二十世纪中国的革命和建设。它对我国当代法治精神的建构仍然具有基础性作用。     

古代中西方法治的人性之维

法治是一种治国方略或手段。法治的选择与人性预设之间存在内在的联系。对人性的不同认识构建了中西方不同的治国模式,即"法治"与"人治",由此得出了集权与分权的不同制度安排。     

社会工作介入山西煤炭污染防治的可能性研究

社会工作就是以利他为行为动机,通过运用专业的知识、技巧和方法,达到解决社会问题、增强案主的社会功能之效果的一种助人服务活动.不管是从社会工作的发展趋势来看,还是从社会工作对象、社会工作功能上来讲,在山西煤炭污染防治的过程中,社会工作的介入都是具有可能性的.     

大学的法治与大学生权利保护

大学法治要求大学的管理者在处理大学各项事务中必须体现法治精神,依法决策、依法办事,把学校各项工作纳入法治化轨道.由于观念因素和制度因素的缺陷,大学生在受教育权、名誉权、隐私权、财产权、申诉权等方面还不同程度的受到一定侵犯.因此,作为管理者的大学还需要更新管理理念,强化法治意识,健全程序法治,推进民主建设,完善申诉机制,落实权利救济.     

梅娘笔下的东北沦陷区社会生活

从梅娘小说聚焦描写东北沦陷区的广大民众到上层民族资产阶级的社会生活及心理世界入手,分析梅娘小说创作致力于开掘民族奴性心理和悲剧命运形成因由的特质,指出梅娘小说承载着深厚而丰富的现实主义内涵,具有很高的文学价值。     

Personality profiles of factitious disorder imposed by mothers: A comparative analysis

Factitious Disorder Imposed by Another (FDIA) can be difficult to expeditiously identify. Understanding personality characteristics of FDIA perpetrators via psychological assessment may decrease the time between initial abuse and identification of FDIA. Personality characteristics of FDIA mother-perpetrators were examined through a comparative analysis of MMPI-2 profiles. It was predicted that mother-perpetrators would have significantly higher overall profile elevations on the MMPI-2 and elevations on specific clinical scales than a comparative control group. Results indicated that mother-perpetrators displayed significantly higher, elevations on the Psychasthenia (Pt) and Schizophrenia (Sc) scales and a trend toward significantly higher elevation on the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) scale than the control group. These findings, along with the demographic information obtained, establish a preliminary foundation for understanding an overall profile of mother-perpetrators.