Flood Hazard and Flood Risk Assessment Using a Time Series of Satellite Images: A Case Study in Namibia

In this article, the use of time series of satellite imagery to flood hazard mapping and flood risk assessment is presented. Flooded areas are extracted from satellite images for the flood‐prone territory, and a maximum flood extent image for each flood event is produced. These maps are further fused to determine relative frequency of inundation (RFI). The study shows that RFI values and relative water depth exhibit the same probabilistic distribution, which is confirmed by Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. The produced RFI map can be used as a flood hazard map, especially in cases when flood modeling is complicated by lack of available data and high uncertainties. The derived RFI map is further used for flood risk assessment. Efficiency of the presented approach is demonstrated for the Katima Mulilo region (Namibia). A time series of Landsat‐5/7 satellite images acquired from 1989 to 2012 is processed to derive RFI map using the presented approach. The following direct damage categories are considered in the study for flood risk assessment: dwelling units, roads, health facilities, and schools. The produced flood risk map shows that the risk is distributed uniformly all over the region. The cities and villages with the highest risk are identified. The proposed approach has minimum data requirements, and RFI maps can be generated rapidly to assist rescuers and decisionmakers in case of emergencies. On the other hand, limitations include: strong dependence on the available data sets, and limitations in simulations with extrapolated water depth values.     

硼、糖、钙和DA-6对枇杷花粉管生长的影响

探讨了硼、糖、钙和DA-6处理枇杷花穗对花粉活力和花粉管的影响.结果表明：对照组在气温20.5～26.5℃下花粉活力较低,而且开花1 h后未见花穗上花粉管的伸长;而采用硼、糖混合液处理,或采用硼、糖混合液加钙处理及硼、糖加钙再加DA-6的处理,则提高了花粉活力,显著促进了花穗上花粉管的伸长.     

生长素的生理功能，受体和信号传导的研究进展

本文涵盖涉及生长素有关于植物生理功能、受体和信号传导的最新国内外研究进展。生长素作为植物生长过程中必需的一种植物激素,在植物生长发育过程中单独或与其它植物激素协同作用,调节植物发育、分化、生长及应答环境变化。受体（receptor）是一种分子结构,定位在细胞表面,或者被类似激素物质包裹在细胞内部,生长素受体的特性和生长素的感应机制是在生长素发现的一个世纪以来被热切关注的课题。本文对从生长素的生理功能,受体和信号传导这几个方面进行综述分析,以期明晰其进展及存在的问题。     

阿托伐他汀对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经保护作用的研究

目的：探讨阿托伐他汀对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织丙二醛（ MDA）含量的影响。方法选用健康Sprague-Dawley （ SD）大鼠,随机分为阿托伐他汀预处理组、单纯缺血组和假手术组。阿托伐他汀预处理组于术前15天灌胃阿托伐他汀,6mg/（kg· d）,然后制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,化学比色法测定脑组织匀浆中MDA含量。结果与假手术组比较,局灶性脑缺血24小时,MDA含量明显升高（P＜0.05）。与单纯缺血组比较,阿托伐他汀预处理组明显降低脑组织匀浆MDA含量（ P＜0.05）。结论阿托伐他汀可以降低局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织MDA含量,增强氧自由基清除作用,具有神经保护作用。     

遥感在田野考古中的应用

遥感考古由于不受时间和空间的限制等多种优点而在田野考古中得到广泛的应用。本文阐述了遥感考古的原理及特点,并着重介绍了遥感在田野考古中的应用。     

空间数据变化检测研究进展

空间数据的现势性是衡量其使用价值的一个重要指标,因此,对空间数据进行变化检测从而对其更新就非常必要。本文系统总结了地理信息数据变化检测的方法,并进行对比和分析,以期为空间数据的实际生产和应用提供帮助。     

二维凝胶体系中生物分子及络合剂对草酸钙晶体生长的影响

在二维凝胶体系中加入生物分子及络合剂诱导草酸钙晶体生长，采用XRD、FTIR拍摄晶体形貌，并对其进行表征。结果表明：在分别加入植酸、尿酸、天冬氨酸的体系中都出现了COM、COT和COD的晶型晶体，对比没有加入这些生物分子的体系，COM的量明显降低，COD的量显著增加，且COD主要沿着（222）面生长。而在分别加入柠檬酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸钠和葡萄糖的体系中只存在COT和COD晶型晶体，说明它们在一定条件下可以抑制尿结石主要成分COM的形成。     

Perfumer,chemist, machine: gas chromatography and the industrial search to “improve” flavor

Abstract

Drawing from published accounts of the use of gas chromatography (GC) in the food industry, found in industry-specific journals, this article examines the role of GC in changing how perfumers and flavorists think about and shape the sense-able world. It shows that the development of a novel twist on GC – the use of an expert’s nose as a detecting device directly connected to the exit gasses of the gas chromatograph, rather than an instrumental detector – opened the door to a new way of categorizing aromatic molecules that changed the purpose of expert practices of smelling within the industrial context. The marriage of human and machine not only offered those tasked with developing the perfect flavor the tools for gaining information about what aspects of a flavor they wished to keep, it also helped identify what aspects they ought to discard or obfuscate in their search to improve the natural world of tastes and smells.     

遥感图像处理软件的设计与关键技术研究

以遥感图像处理软件设计与开发中所涉及的一些关键技术作为研究内容,包括遥感图像处理软件的体系结构、图像数据在计算机中的存贮与表示以及海量图像数据的快速处理研究。     

Gene expression of insulin receptor,insulin-like growth factor increases and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 reduces with increase in prostate size in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Introduction: Although the role of insulin in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is well established, there are no studies regarding alteration in the gene expression of components of insulin-signaling pathway and their association with prostate size in BPH. Hence, the study was designed to analyze the gene and protein expression of insulin receptor and its related components in patients with BPH.

Materials and methods: Twenty-seven BPH patients aged between 55 and 75 years were recruited in the study and prostatic tissues were obtained after transurethral resection of the prostate. Gene expression levels of Insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were assessed by q-PCR.

Results: Insulin receptor (IR-A and B) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) gene expression were significantly increased and IGFBP-3 gene expression was reduced in BPH patients with larger prostate size. Also, serum insulin was significantly increased and IGFBP-3 was significantly reduced in patients with larger prostate size.

Conclusion: Increased expression of IR-A, B and IGF-1, 2 genes and reduced IGFBP-3 gene expression was associated with larger prostate size in BPH.