Students’ Vocational Choices and Voluntary Action: A 12-Nation Study

Previous research on student involvement suggested that business and engineering students manifest lowest rates of voluntary action. Similarly, it was thought that social science students are the most involved in voluntary action, with students of natural sciences and humanities in the middle. However, there were very few studies that empirically compared these assertions. Furthermore, these assertions were not investigated from cross-cultural perspectives. Based on a study of students in 12 countries (N = 6,570), we found that even when controlling for background variables, social science students are actually less engaged in voluntary action than other students. Engineering students are higher than expected on voluntary action while students of humanities are the most involved in voluntary action. When studying these differences in the 12 selected countries, local cultures and norms form different sets of findings that suggest that there is no universal trend in choice of academic field and voluntary action.     

作为经济社会学议题的集体行动——从奥尔森到科尔曼

经济社会学对集体行动的研究因奥尔森的研究进入人们的视野,因科尔曼的研究成为一个系统的理论。本文将集体行动放在经济社会学的背景中去讨论,重点论述奥尔森及科尔曼关于集体行动的不同理解,并将他们的理论放在中国经验里去检阅,并进一步讨论结构与行动,以及集体行动在中国如何可能的问题。     

“革命权”与“普选权”——国际社会主义运动的双重历史选择与“两难”实践课题

"革命权"与"普选权",既是国际社会主义运动的双重历史选择,又是科学社会主义创始人根据国际社会主义运动的"两难"实践留给其后来者的一个遗嘱性的两难课题。在这一课题的破解过程中,至20世纪初,社会主义运动分化成不共戴天的两大主流运动,即科学社会主义运动和民主社会主义运动。"科学"有"科学"的根据,"民主"有"民主"的道理,不存在谁吃掉谁、谁演变谁的问题。时至当代新自由主义必欲主导全球化而又酿成全球性金融危机的情势下,二者应求同存异和而不同,互为模式相互借鉴。     

Is Context-Based Choice due to Context-Dependent Preferences?

The rationalization of context-based choice is usually based on the assumption that preferences are context-dependent. In this paper, we show that context-based choice can be due to the characteristics of the choice procedure applied by the individual and not to the dependence of preferences (stochastic or deterministic) on the context. Our arguments are illustrated focusing on the much-studied dominated-alternative effects.     

企业信用抉择分析

本文研究守信与弃信成本效益后,建立信用抉择经济模型,并分析社会普遍守信程度、企业持续经营时间对信用抉择影响,认为要在查处防范弃信机制、弃信处罚力度、社会普遍守信、经济研究基本假设上进行改革,构建起良好的守信环境。     

大学体育课程改革探究

对大学体育课程改革应考虑政治、经济和化发展等因素，特别是要考虑到知识、受教育、社会这三大要素。因此，在目标定位和价值取向上应综合各方面因素加以确定。在课程模式设计上，应本着“以人为本”的思想，根据各方面的需要，进行设计和取舍，这样，才能改变体育课程改革中“只见树木，不见森林”的现状，从总体上开拓体育课程改革新思路。     

CLIENTS ROLE CHOICES: UNEXPLORED FACTORS IN INTERVENTION DECISIONS

The role of the client in social work interventions has not been extensively explored in the professional literature. However, the client role varies significantly in different models of care and carries vast differences in the expectations and behaviors required of clients in the process. Clients’ individual characteristics, preferences, and expectations make them better suited to some approaches than others. This paper explores the change in perspectives on consumers emerging in the field and analyzes client role factors in four intervention models. It will also discuss the “fit” between the client and the particular approach as well as implications for outcomes and evidence-based practice.     

试析毛泽东的现代化目标设计与政策选择

建国以后,毛泽东提出了我国现代化的战略目标和实现目标的时间与步骤,但在实现现代化目标的政策选择上,毛泽东注重用阶级斗争、政治运动的方法来推进现代化建设;强调社会主义制度建立后生产关系、上层建筑对生产力发展的反作用,忽视了生产力发展的本身要求;强调人的价值观念、思想意识和意志是建设社会主义的主要因素,而无视在社会主义现代化进程中人们所处的客观经济条件的制约和限制;同时,毛泽东对知识和知识分子、对教育和科学技术在实现现代化战略目标中的地位和作用也缺乏重视,从而延缓了我国社会主义现代化建设的进程。     

略论义务本位行政文化

当代中国行政文化的发展,应该以行政机关的义务为本位,这是马克思主义的一个基本观点,是社会契约理论在行政文化中的合理推演和具体体现;也是公共选择理论的现实启示。在当代中国,行政机关承担的义务包括目的性义务、经济义务、政治义务、文化义务四个方面。义务本位行政文化倡导的价值理念包括:在经济、政治、文化领域,对效率与公平实行各有侧重的价值选择;在对权力的认知方面,强调尊权与限权的有机统一;在义务履行方式方面,强调他律向自律的自觉靠拢;在处理政府与公民关系方面,强调平等与协作统一的服务理念。     

高清电视市场的经济博弈分析

高清电视可以看成数字电视的高端市场,高清电视产业运营模式决定市场参与者组成一个密不可分,却又相对独立的产业链条。分析市场参与者的经济利益博弈,得出合作才是高清电视产业发展的主题。