“Trees Die From the Top”: International Perspectives on NGO Leadership Development

This paper examines the role of leadership development in NGO capacity building and assesses some of the challenges of developing a new generation of NGO leaders. The paper draws on the analysis of new and existing research into the dimensions of NGO leadership highlighting the importance of both individual attributes and contextual relevance. Effective NGO leaders are able to balance a range of competing pressures from different stakeholders in ways that do not compromise their individual identity and values. Leadership development programmes therefore need to focus on both the values and identity of individual leaders while also assisting leaders understand and proactively respond to their rapidly changing external environment. We conclude that there is an urgent need to build the capacity of NGOs to develop their leadership capability. Unless systems and processes to support this work are put in place then the apocryphal warning trees die from the top will have more than a ring of truth in it.     

炭黑急冷器中异形波纹管的承载能力与补偿性能研究

炭黑急冷器中,烟气温度与冷却水温度相差非常大,导致设备中存在很大的热膨胀差。若设备中的热膨胀差过大且未得到良好的热补偿,则设备有可能无法正常运行甚至遭到破坏。针对这种现象,在炭黑急冷器中设置异形(Q形)波纹管。文中以n形波纹管为研究对象,取波纹管中独立的关键参数,运用ANSYS软件对不同结构参数进行数值模拟分析,得到了波纹管结构参数对承载能力和补偿性能的影响规律,并为合理选择波纹管结构参数提供了指导。     

组织学习导向、知识转移和吸收能力对国际企业绩效的影响研究

利用组织学习理论,对国际企业在动态的海外市场如何维持竞争优势、提高绩效进行了探讨.实证分析结果发现,学习导向和吸收能力对国际企业的绩效产生显著的正向影响,而知识转移对绩效的影响是通过与吸收能力的交互作用实现的.     

交织多址接入系统信道容量证明

交织多址接入系统(IDMA)是使用低速率码并利用交织器区分用户的多址接入系统,被认为是码分多址(CDMA)的特例。IDMA省去专门的扩频序列,通过迭代检测提高系统性能,继承了CDMA抗多径衰落和抗多用户干扰等特性,但对于IDMA和CDMA在同样的信道条件下具有相同的信道容量这一基本问题没有给出严格的理论说明。该文在给出交织多址接入系统码定义的基础上,引入了信息论中的平均互信息量作为度量信道容限的标准,研究了K个用户的IDMA系统信道容限问题,得到了与CDMA系统相同的信道容限,并用随机编码和联合典型列的方法对结论进行了证明。由此从信息论的角度证明了IDMA是CDMA的特例,为IDMA的研究工作完成信息论方面的基础证明。     

竹林七子文人精神解读

竹林七子是对魏晋时期嵇康、阮籍、山涛、向秀、王戎、阮咸、刘伶七人人品高洁的美誉。本文从竹子品格、玄学精神、文学气质诸方面,分析和探讨了七子的文人精神,得出他们的精神本质是抛弃名教、崇尚自然、张扬个性、反对现实,追求的是淡泊宁静和与世无争的隐逸生活及精神满足。     

高架桥钢盖梁的承载性能有限元分析

通过建立矩形断面钢盖梁板壳有限元模型,分析了钢盖梁承载性能,获得了其最不利受力部位和极限承载力.四种核心混凝土填充工况的承载性能分析结果表明:钢盖梁核心区内填充混凝土能较好地改善其受力性能、提高其极限承载力并使其刚度增大;核心区混凝土填充量由零增加到0.5H时,钢盖梁极限承载力急剧增大,大于0.5H时,其极限承载力增加很小,根据这一变化,本文推荐的核心区混凝土最佳填充量为O.40H～0.50H.     

Business Cycle Accounting

We propose a simple method to help researchers develop quantitative models of economic fluctuations. The method rests on the insight that many models are equivalent to a prototype growth model with time‐varying wedges that resemble productivity, labor and investment taxes, and government consumption. Wedges that correspond to these variables—efficiency, labor, investment, and government consumption wedges—are measured and then fed back into the model so as to assess the fraction of various fluctuations they account for. Applying this method to U.S. data for the Great Depression and the 1982 recession reveals that the efficiency and labor wedges together account for essentially all of the fluctuations; the investment wedge plays a decidedly tertiary role, and the government consumption wedge plays none. Analyses of the entire postwar period and alternative model specifications support these results. Models with frictions manifested primarily as investment wedges are thus not promising for the study of U.S. business cycles.     

Option Contracts and Capacity Management—Enabling Price Discrimination under Demand Uncertainty

We explore using an option contract as a price discrimination tool under demand uncertainty. In our capacity game model, a monopolistic supplier has to build capacity before observing the uncertain demand. The demand is generated by two potential customers, who privately know their own types. The types could be either high or low, differing in willingness to pay for each unit of demand. To discriminate between the customer types, the supplier designs option contracts so that only the high type will buy options in advance. The high type will do so because the options can hedge their risk of demand loss when capacity is tight. The supplier profits in three ways. First, the high type customers pay higher marginal prices on average. Second, the high type customers' demand is satisfied as a first priority, guaranteeing allocation efficiency. Third, the supplier can observe the number of options being purchased and so determine customer types, improving capacity investment efficiency. We compare our results to those of classical second degree price discrimination. We show that our proposed framework guarantees the same level of supplier profit even when the supplier cannot discriminate between the customers by bundling products.     

Portraits of work: mapping emerging coworking dynamics

ABSTRACT

Today’s patterns of work are very much defined by the ‘lean enterprise’ practice, taking form in organizations that are more competitive, customer-driven and agile on the one hand (Womack, J. P., & Jones, D. T. (2007). Lean Solutions. New York: Simon & Schuster), and the separation of work from time and space on the other (Hochschild, A. (1997). The time bind. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books). Concepts like work and workspace are subject to an evolving nature and get a new meaning (Kirsh, D. (2000). A few thoughts on cognitive overload. Intellectia, 1(30), 19–51). This triggered the rise of new working spaces, fuelled by the aftermath of the global economic crisis that transformed the practices and meanings of work. Nevertheless, this applies only to particular sectors. This paper builds on the case of Genk, an important economic pole in the Limburg Region of Belgium. The development in the region has always been related to labour-intensive industrial activities. In light of these working shifts targeting mainly big companies/employers, Genk has turned a blind eye on the local proprietors. What about the small entrepreneurs/community economies addressing mainly the local clientele? What evolution do we see in their working pattern? By using a specific visualization tool, a series of interviews were conducted in order to explore in a playful way, existing social and economic networks. The interviews reveal networks that shape a coworking model. The paper will further present the scale of this ‘coworking’ phenomenon experienced in Genk, perceived to be the ‘new model of coworking’ in the context of the collaborative and sharing economy.