供应风险下双源采购批发单价拍卖最优设计

考虑多个具有供应风险和成本私有信息的潜在供应商,研究了供应商投标批发单价的最优双源采购拍卖机制设计.首先,针对一般的采购商收益函数,求出了最优的订货量分配规则和供应商投标均衡,并分别与单源采购及对称信息对比,发现双源采购拍卖增加了采购商和供应商的期望利润,不对称信息对供应商有利但对采购商和供应链不利.然后,分别针对报童及垄断环境,进一步分析了双源采购拍卖下的订货分散程度、信息价值和双源采购价值,发现,订货分散程度与供应风险及两个获胜者的利润率贡献相近程度正相关;高成本获胜者比成本较低者索取更高的单位信息租金,导致不对称信息下的订货分散程度比对称信息下低;供应风险越高或投标人数越多时,双源采购价值越大.     

Impact of Retailers with Knowledge of Supplier's Inventory on Supply Chain Performance

We model a supply chain consisting of a supplier and multiple retailers facing deterministic demand. We denote some retailers as strategic in the sense that given the supplier inventory information, they will implement the optimal stocking policy by incorporating such information. On the other hand, some retailers are denoted as naïve in the sense that they ignore supply information and resort to a simplistic ordering policy. Naïve retailers learn the optimal policy over time and adjust their orders accordingly. We study the dynamics of this game and investigate the impact of such strategic and naïve retailers on the cost, ordering pattern and stocking policies of all parties. We analyze the supply chain under two scenarios: the centralized supply chain where the objective is to minimize the total supply chain cost, and the decentralized supply chain where each self‐interested player minimizes its own cost in a Stackelberg game setting. We fully characterize the optimal policies under both centralized and decentralized scenarios and show that, surprisingly, the supply chain might be better off by virtue of naïve retailers. The result is driven by the fact that strategic and naïve players’ decisions shift the positioning of inventory in the supply chain with its final impact being determined by the relative costs of different retailer‐types. Our results also offer managerial insights into how access to supply information can improve supply chain performance.     

Strategic Cognition of Operations Executives

The nature of operations executives’ strategic cognition, as the antecedent to their choices about operations strategy, remains underexplored in the literature. This mixed‐methods study examines executives’ thinking about supply chain strategy through the lens of managerial cognition. Our qualitative study at a pharmaceutical distributor, which examined 25 executives’ outlook on the future of the turbulent U.S. healthcare sector and their suggestions for adapting the company's supply chain strategy to that future, suggests that an executive's strategic cognition can be defined by its regulatory focus—whether the executive envisions the future environment in terms of opportunities or threats—and the level of optimism in regards to the envisioned future. We propose a typology that predicts the strategic choices of operations executives based on four types of cognition: pioneering, pushing, protective, and provocative. It describes whether an executive's strategic choices target traditional or novel sources of revenue, and if they seek to influence either the firm's structure and practices or its environment. Our empirical test of the typology using quantitative data collected in a survey of senior operations executives supports the study's propositions associating three of the four types of cognition with their respective preferred strategic choices.     

VMI环境下收入共享契约分析

随着竞争的加剧,供应链成员之间需要更紧密的合作关系.供应商管理库存(Vendor Managed Inventory,VMI)成为加强供应链合作的方式日益收到重视,但单独利用VMI不能有效的提高供应链的效率.本文首先分析了中心控制模式下和VMI模式下的系统性能参数,并分析了其性质.而后,利用收入共享契约来协调供应链成员之间的活动,得出了此种方式的系统性能参数,并证明了利用此契约能够提高供应链效率.最后,利用数值分析方法对结果进行了验证.     

电子市场环境下供应链运作的鲁棒优化模型

本文研究了电子市场环境下的供应链运作问题,提出了不确定环境下的鲁棒优化模型.这一研究的实质是在外界需求最差条件下,如何得到电子市场中供应链最优供应量的策略.文中采用区间方法,设计供应链运作的鲁棒最优策略.进一步,在电子市场不确定环境下,进行了鲁棒策略仿真工作,结果表明鲁棒策略能为决策者提供最坏情况下供应商提供产品数量的鲁棒解决方案.     

市场供求规则与言语优化配置

通过对市场供求关系与话语交际中言语配置相似性的对比分析,本文认为发话人的言语供给与受话人的话语需求之间存在一个补偿条件的问题,而且,只有在均衡补偿条件下,发话人的话语投入与受话人的言语需求才能实现最佳配置。     

动态质押模式下的存货解押策略研究

存货解押是存货质押融资业务中的一个重要环节,而不同的解押方式将会对融资企业的融资成本产生较大影响.考虑存货解押的总成本由运输成本、库存成本及利息成本三部分构成,分别建立融资企业在授信期末一次解押、授信期内分批解押、授信期内提前解押三种情形下的总成本函数,推导每种解押方式的最优解押数量及最优解押批次表达式.通过数值算例对三种解押方式的总成本进行比较,得到授信期内提前解押方式最优的结论,敏感性分析展示了相关外生变量的变化对三种解押方式总成本的影响方式.     

公共物品“多中心”供给的内在逻辑解析

作为另一种应对公共事务中个体理性与集体理性间矛盾的替代性解决方案,“多中心”理论一方面反思了两种传统解决即建立“利维坦”和产权变更各自的缺陷,另一方面又试图论证两种传统解决方案在逻辑上的相容性,这种相容性自然也可以表现在公共物品供给的制度安排上。在体现“多中心”特征的公共物品供给的制度安排中,在政治价值和经济手段两方面强调了公民的选择权利和选择行为,但是,这种选择模式不具有传统公共选择理论所描述集中统一的特征,由此体现了对美国立国的政治价值和原则的回归。而在实践中,公民的选择又是通过政府的民主行政来确保,这种民主行政表现为有关公共物品供给中具有自主和自发特征、分散式的决策。     

我国资产证券化的供求分析

作为发达市场成熟融资技术的资产证券化对中国来说还是一项金融创新.尽管我国在推进信贷资产证券化过程中仍有诸多障碍,但已基本具备了实施资产证券化的条件,资产证券化的实践也在悄然而行.目前可供证券化的资产主要是住房抵押贷款、基础设施贷款以及大型公司应收款.为切实起到引导金融创新、提高资产流动性以及融通资金的作用,不应将资产证券化的重点放在银行不良资产基础上.从需求方面看,高收益低风险的资产支撑证券(ABS)必将受到个人投资者青睐,而社会保障基金管理机构、商业保险公司、证券投资基金以及海外的机构投资者可能是ABS市场潜在的需求者.