Young people's views of the outcomes of non-formal education in youth organisations: its effects on human,social and psychological capital,employability and employment

This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of youth organisations in enhancing the employability of young people through the development of different forms of capital: human, social and psychological. Instead of asking questions about who access extra-curricular activities that may provide young people with positional advantages in the labour market and the class biases that arise in access, the article explores whether the benefits obtained from participation vary by socio-economic background. We make use of the Youth organisations and employability (YOE) database, which contains data from over 1000 young people in more than 40 European countries on the effects of involvement in youth organisations on different forms of capital: human, social and psychological. We find positive effects of involvement on all three forms of capital. The analysis suggests that the characteristics of the involvement in youth organisations are better predictors of its outcomes than are personal characteristics, and find no significant effects of socio-economic background on the reported benefits of participation in our sample. Policy implications are derived from these findings, calling for greater policy support to increase opportunities for the involvement of young people from lower socio-economic backgrounds in youth organisations and for better informing young people of the benefits of sustained involvement with youth organisations.     

Neo‐liberalism by Decay? The Evolution of the Czech Welfare State

In this article we analyse the evolution of the Czech welfare state and we examine the factors explaining its path. We show that although the Czech welfare regime exhibits a 'mixed profile' that includes conservative and universalist elements, it is increasingly moving in a more liberal, residualist direction – not because of conscious steps but rather through decay. Governments have often zig-zagged in their policies and resorted to symbolic reforms at times rather than implementing ideologically based, consistent policies. We argue that historical and sociological institutionalism combined with a social-capital approach can explain this decay better than the more common arguments about economic pressures combined with ideological hegemony or the protest-avoidance strategy. In particular, the social capital approach adds to our institutional framework by explaining why cutbacks in welfare programmes have not met much opposition, even though public opinion surveys consistently show support for more generous welfare policies, and why policies have deviated so much from political rhetoric.     

累积的异质性：生命历程视角下的老年人分化

本文以生命历程理论为研究视角，以深度访谈的方法收集老年人“主诉”的关于过去的生活资料，试图通过对个人能动性与生命历程时间性的强调，来分析个体生命历程与社会变迁的相互嵌入过程，以及这一过程中不断分化的内部机制。研究发现，老化的过程是一个随时间推移不断累积与分化的过程，累积因素的先后顺序对个体之间的分化具有重要意义，累积是生命历程资本遭遇生命历程风险的结果，是社会结构与个人能动性相互作用的动态过程，其中社会政策的变迁对累积过程具有决定性的影响。     

The burdens of social capital: How socially-involved people dealt with stress after Hurricane Katrina

Research shows that those with greater social capital enjoy better physical and mental health. The current study illuminates a paradox of social capital which may afflict those involved in traumatic events. Several years of survey data reveal a dynamic picture of the link between social capital and stress following Hurricane Katrina. Results reveal that initially after Katrina, those who were more socially embedded carried the greatest load with respect to helping the displaced population, thus experiencing more stress. But over time, the most socially-involved then snapped back from their stressful experiences more rapidly than isolates. This confirms that over the course of stressful events, social involvement first exposes people to more stress, but as time passes, provides them a significant buffer against negative psychosocial experiences.     

Psycho-Social and Economic Adjustment of Mid-Life Women After Divorce:

The purpose of this research was to examine how midlife women adjusted psychologically, socially, and economically after the dissolution of a long-term marriage. Specific attention was given to evaluating the extent of pre-retirement planning before and after the divorce transition and perceptions regarding the later years. The data indicates chat a majority of women established a positive self-identity within five years after divorce. However, few women in the sample have acquired financial planning skills which severely jeopardizes their economic well-being after retirement.     

“中国式慈善”的现状与未来——基于社会资本视角的分析

＂郭美美＂事件引发了公众对慈善的质疑和热议,将中国慈善推向了风口浪尖。从社会资本的角度分析,中国慈善面临公众慈善意识薄弱,慈善组织数量少、筹款能力弱、公信力较低,慈善立法滞后三大问题。未来中国慈善发展应提高全民慈善意识,积极构建慈善网络和提高慈善组织公信力。     

社区仪式及其在社区社会资本创建中的作用--以西北弓村"转灯"仪式的实地研究为例

本文通过对西北弓村"转灯"仪式的实地研究与描述,分析了仪 式在社区社会资本创建中的意义,认为社区民间仪式促进了居民之间的交往与沟通,有利于提高居民的参与、合作水平和自组织能力.文章同时指出,社区仪式的衰退会造成社区社会资本的缺失,只有通过仪式创新或创建其他形式的组织或活动,才能从一定程度上弥补这种缺失所造成的影响.     

基于可协商的可转换债券和企业资本结构

本文将债务协商机制引入利用普通股和可转换债券融资的上市企业,在一个动态模型框架下分析其对债券投资者行为和企业资本结构的影响。首先分别对采取破产清算和债务协商下,利用可转换债券和普通股融资的企业建模;然后利用风险中性定价方法给出企业证券价值的显示解;最后通过数值结果分析债务协商机制的影响并给出经济解释。数值分析表明：相比企业破产清算,协商可以提高企业价值、股权价值。当股东的谈判能力在一定的范围时,协商可以提高债券价值、降低企业杠杆率,增加社会福利。股东谈判能力越强,可转债投资者的转换时机越早。本文的研究丰富了可转换债券的融资理论,为可转换债券融资企业的去杠杆提供了一定的理论指导。     

中国人力资本积累与国际竞争力比较

从国际视角对全球129个国家的人力资本结构进行了比较分析。研究发现：中国人力资本存量国际综合排名第92位,位于第4梯队。人力资本存量(健康性人力资本、技能性人力资本)对经济增长有显著的正向影响机制。经济增长通过对教育性人力资本的再投入推动创新性人力资本的提升。比较中国和世界发达国家之间的人力资本结构差距,可以看到：未来15年中国人力资本将面临国际适应性和竞争性的重大挑战。应当通过提升职业与产业结构的匹配度,增强教育性人力资本与技能性人力资本的深化,从而为提升我国创新性人力资本做准备,增强我国国际竞争力。     

如何解释资本结构的调整方式和速度--基于福耀玻璃的案例分析与讨论

以现有资本结构理论为基础,试图寻找能解释各种典型公司资本结构调整方式和速度的理论框架。首先以案例分析为基础分析了主流资本结构理论对案例公司资本结构调整方式的解释程度和解释异同。然后结合公司的财务政策,定性分析了主流理论对于资本结构调整方式存在解释异同的背后原因以及将主流理论融合的理论框架。认为从资金供需的角度理解权衡理论和优序融资理论以及市场择时理论,可以将这些主流理论统一起来解释各种典型的资本结构调整方式。同时,发现以计量模型估算的资本结构调整速度推断资本结构调整到目标水平所需的时间,会误导人们对于资本结构调整方式的理解。