New flexible models generated by gamma random variables for lifetime modeling

In this paper we introduce a new three-parameter exponential-type distribution. The new distribution is quite flexible and can be used effectively in modeling survival data and reliability problems. It can have constant, decreasing, increasing, upside-down bathtub and bathtub-shaped hazard rate functions. It also generalizes some well-known distributions. We discuss maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters for complete sample and for censored sample. Additionally, we formulate a new cure rate survival model by assuming that the number of competing causes of the event of interest has the Poisson distribution and the time to this event follows the proposed distribution. Maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters of the new cure rate survival model is discussed for complete sample and censored sample. Two applications to real data are provided to illustrate the flexibility of the new model in practice.     

美术教育在提高大学生综合素质中的作用

美术教育是实现素质教育不可缺少的环节之一 ,特别是当代大学生 ,除了应扎扎实实的掌握专业知识外 ,还应通过艺术教育来培养整体思维能力、空间想像力和创造力。美术教育不仅可以加深大学生对历史、社会生活、文学常识的了解 ,而且还会影响他们的审美观、人生观和价值观     

A Banzhaf share function for cooperative games in coalition structure

A cooperative game with transferable utility–or simply a TU-game– describes a situation in which players can obtain certain payoffs by cooperation. A value function for these games assigns to every TU-game a distribution of payoffs over the players. Well-known solutions for TU-games are the Shapley and the Banzhaf value. An alternative type of solution is the concept of share function, which assigns to every player in a TU-game its share in the worth of the grand coalition. In this paper we consider TU-games in which the players are organized into a coalition structure being a finite partition of the set of players. The Shapley value has been generalized by Owen to TU-games in coalition structure. We redefine this value function as a share function and show that this solution satisfies the multiplication property that the share of a player in some coalition is equal to the product of the Shapley share of the coalition in a game between the coalitions and the Shapley share of the player in a game between the players within the coalition. Analogously we introduce a Banzhaf coalition structure share function. Application of these share functions to simple majority games show some appealing properties.     

论政府在社会主义新农村建设中的地位和作用

在社会主义新农村建设过程中政府必须发挥主导作用,这是出于对转型时期的现实和三农问题历史成因的考察,同时借鉴国际经验得出的结论。政府的主导作用主要体现在,政府作为强有力的组织者和积极的直接参与者,通过制定周密可行的计划,以国家财政用于农村公共设施投入增加为主要手段,带动农村社会各项事业的发展。强调政府主导作用还要处理好与发挥农民主体作用的关系。     

公共物品与政府职能的区域差异

公共物品的“公共性”表现为消费的“非竞争性”和“非排他性” ,这种公共性有一定的范围 ,并且与个体的收入水平正相关。收入水平不同的地区对公共物品的需求具有差异性 ,但我国目前各级政府的公共物品供给与各地区的需求并不相符 ,不发达地区的公共物品供给严重不足     

北京市文化设施空间分布与文化功能研究

北京作为首都和全国的文化中心 ,文化功能是北京城市的主体功能之一。本文在分析北京市文化设施建设布局现状的基础上 ,将北京城市文化功能演进历史从解放初期到现在分为三个阶段 :5 0年代至 70年代、 80年代至 90年代和 90年代以后。不同时期的文化设施在空间布局上展现了不同的特点。目前 ,北京城市文化功能空间布局上存在着政治文化功能突出 ,南北城布局失衡以及缺少表现城市文化功能的主轴线等问题。针对这些问题 ,本文提出了调整文化功能布局、平衡南北城差异 ,完善各城区文化功能定位以及加快打造长安街文化轴线功能的建议。     

论新诗的职能单一对诗体建设的负面影响

受时代的制约 ,特别是受意识形态的影响 ,新诗的职能总是被世俗化、实用化和简单化 ,总是片面强调诗的社会教化职能或个体抒情功能 ,对诗的审美功能和语言游戏功能极端忽视 ,对写什么太重视 ,太轻视怎么写 ,过分强调内容大于形式 ,主题先行式写作盛行 ,很多诗人成也题材败也题材。八九十年代的诗人争当的是诗意的先锋而非诗艺的先锋。新诗的职能单一严重影响了新诗诗体的建设。     

日本内生经济增长理论的一般性研究

文章从战后日本资源贫乏的现实出发 ,通过建立政府、资本和资源关系模型 ,研究了有限资源制约条件下实现均衡经济增长的路径。并以内生增长理论为依托 ,着重研究内生经济增长条件下的财政政策绩效。文章研究所得出的结论 :人力资本或知识资本投资可以弥补一般生产要素 (资本 )积累对经济增长贡献的不足 ,并能在更大程度上刺激经济增长。该研究对中国目前更好地保持经济增长意义重大     

Semicontinuous Representability of Homothetic Interval Orders by Means of Two Homogeneous Functionals

It is well known that interval orders are particularly interesting in decision theory, since they are reflexive, complete and nontransitive binary relations which may be fully represented by means of two real-valued functions. In this paper, we discuss the existence of a pair of nonnegative, positively homogeneous and semicontinuous real-valued functionals representing an interval order on a real cone in a topological vector space. We recover as a particular case a result concerning the existence of a nonnegative, positively homogeneous and continuous utility functional for a complete preorder on a real cone in a topological vector space.