人力资本视角下的女性创业研究

随着世界经济和社会的发展,女性创业在世界范围内已成为女性就业的新趋势。从人力资本视角观察女性创业可以发现,在我国,教育背景对女性创业有影响,但在工作中积累的经验、构建的社会关系网络、掌握的某项特殊技能比起单纯的高学历更有可能促进女性创业并取得成功,是人力资本存量的结构而不是人力资本存量本身对女性创业有影响。     

Racial/Ethnic Minority Community College Students' Critical Consciousness and Social Cognitive Career Outcomes

A need exists to better understand how racial/ethnic minority students' critical consciousness development in response to marginalization may be involved in their educational and career development. We therefore examined the link between critical consciousness development and career decision self-efficacy and career outcome expectations among racial/ethnic minority community college students. Following social cognitive career theory's conceptual pillars, we developed a testable model integrating critical consciousness and social cognitive variables. This model was tested with 135 racially and ethnically diverse community college students. Data analysis included path analyses and tests of model fit using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that (a) higher critical agency is linked to higher career decision self-efficacy and outcome expectations and (b) critical action and reflection have a bidirectional link and predict higher critical agency. Implications for research and practice aiming to close educational and career gaps among racial/ethnic minorities are discussed.     

Let the right one in: A Bourdieusian analysis of gender inequality in universities’ senior management

This article examines the lack of gender diversity in senior management positions in professional staff in universities. These results are analysed via a Bourdieusian analysis of economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital. Through a purposeful sample of senior professional staff working in universities in three countries: Australia, Canada and the UK, six career‐enhancing strategies needed for career success were determined. The article critiques the resource‐based view of career capital and argues that capitals accumulation for career success can be understood by considering the concepts of symbolic violence and habitus as a way of understanding intra‐cohort differences. It proposes that by considering both the subjective and objective cultural constructs via habitus, and by acknowledging the importance of symbolic capital and symbolic violence towards women, this may be one way of increasing female representation in senior management.     

A Study of Clinical Change in Individual Career Counseling

This study examined the clinical significance of career counseling effects. Participants were 111 university students (83% women) who participated in individual career counseling sessions at their university. All participants completed the French version of the Outcome Questionnaire–30.2 (OQ‐30.2; Lambert, Finch, Okiishi, & Burlingame, 2005) immediately before the 1st session (pretest) and at the beginning of the last session (posttest). The OQ‐30.2 assesses 3 client life domains: subjective discomfort, problems in interpersonal relationships, and problems in social role satisfaction. Using Jacobson and Truax’s (1991) statistical approach to assessing clinical change, the authors compared clients’ pretest OQ‐30.2 scores with their posttest scores. Among clients with a “dysfunctional” score (n = 59) at the study’s inception, 34% recovered and 14% improved, whereas 41% of clients with functional scores (n = 52) at the study’s inception improved. The results suggest that individual career counseling can make a difference in the lives of many clients; they also highlight the importance of further outcome research that accounts for possible variability in clients’ responses to career counseling.     

The Career Decision‐Making Difficulties Questionnaire: A Case for Item‐Level Interpretation

The Career Decision‐Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ; Gati, Krausz, & Osipow, 1996) has long been demonstrated as a useful instrument for career counseling practice. Several case studies have demonstrated how and why using the CDDQ facilitates the career counseling process (e.g., Amir, Gati, & Kleiman, 2008; Gati & Levin, 2014; Levin & Gati, 2014). This study explores how an in‐depth analysis of a case study conducted at the item level can provide career counselors with a richer understanding of their clients’ needs. The case study also emphasizes how administering and providing feedback on the CDDQ in career counseling sessions is likely to foster working alliances. The study concludes by presenting an intervention map based on the CDDQ taxonomy.     

Life Balance and Work Addiction Among NCAA Administrators and Coaches

Intercollegiate athletics represent an industry prone to challenges of work addiction and life balance. Work addiction and life balance domains in male and female intercollegiate athletic coaches and administrators (N = 245) were examined using multiple regression analysis. Higher levels of stress/anxiety, sleep disturbance, and career satisfaction and lower levels of quality of relationships and friendships were the strongest predictors of work addiction. Counseling focused on reducing the negative aspects of work addiction, while maintaining job performance, may benefit this population.     

大学生择业价值取向及职业生涯规划调查分析

通过对合肥学院机械工程系98位应届毕业生的问卷调查,分析当代大学生择业价值取向和职业生涯规划的现实状况,提出要理性看待大学毕业生追求和加强对大学生进行职业规划教育的两点建议。     

加强高校职业指导工作 促进大学生充分就业

高校职业指导对于促进大学生充分就业具有重要意义。加强高校职业指导应从完善职业指导体系,加强职业指导队伍建设,促进用人单位、高校和大学生三方信息交流,做好大学生思想政治工作等方面着手,实现大学生的充分就业。     

医学生择业过程中的心理状况与职业生涯规划

随着大学毕业生人数的激增以及用人单位对于专业化程度要求的提高,就业形势变得日益严峻。同时,由于地区间经济发展的不平衡,人才往城市倾斜现象较为严重,由此出现城市与乡镇医院人才供求比例严重失衡。伴随社会问题出现的是医学生对于职业生涯规划的定位不准确而产生的各种心理问题,这些心理上的困境正严重地威胁着医学生职业前途。本文通过对医学生择业困境中的心理状态进行溯源与探讨,并结合我国目前医学生群体的就业状况,论述医学生择业过程中存在的心理问题,提出有针对性的解决方案与符合医学生群体特征的职业生涯规划,以期能为医学生群体带来一定的帮助。     

论我国专业社会工作者的职业生涯发展

社会工作作为一种专业教育在我国已开展了十几年,但作为一种职业是最近才被国家认可的。这种职业化落后于教育的发展趋势使得大量受过社会工作教育的专业社会工作者职业生涯发展受到很大限制。因此,本文通过分析专业社会工作者职业生涯发展中面临的问题,分析专业社会工作者从业的环境,尝试对专业社会工作者的职业生涯发展作初步规划,以期能对我国专业社会工作者的职业生涯发展提供帮助。