言语行为视阈下医患会话权势不对等关系探析

本研究运用言语行为理论作为解释框架,对医生和患者会话中的言语行为进行分类比较与分析,进而揭示医院门诊医患会话中的权势关系。研究表明,在门诊医患会话交际中会呈现出一种权势关系,这种权势关系往往是不对等的。医生常用发问、阐述、指令类言语行为来询问患者或诊断病情,通过履行自己的职责来体现权势的优越性,而处于权力弱势地位的患者却以应答、陈述、表达类言语行为来回应医生,以表示顺从与尊敬。     

可持续发展与会计理论研究方法的选择

随着经济的高速增长与环境保护、社会发展的矛盾日益突出,人类提出了建立在资源、环境、经济和社会相协调基础上的可持续发展战略。这种新的发展观必然对传统会计理论及其研究方法产生冲击。在现有的各种会计理论研究方法中,社会学法正是与可持续发展要求相一致的,其必将对会计理论的发展产生深远的影响,有着广阔的应用前景。     

编辑学理论研究——组稿机理

阐述了读者需要、作者需要、编者需要存在的形式.通过分析三种需要的特点、区别与联系以及各自在组稿工作中的地位与作用指出,三种需要有其各自相对的独立性,但相互之间又有着密切的联系,相互制约、相互依存,并且三者都根植于社会,有机地统一于出版物之中.认为以出版宗旨为原则、稿件价值为基础、作者需要为动力、读者需要为依据、编者需要为准绳,达到三种需要的有机统一,是组稿工作必须遵循的客观规律,也即组稿机理.     

Fetishizing the health sciences: Queer theory as an intervention

Queer theory often falls impotent in its palatability across disciplinary lines. I offer a conceptual article that interrogates the dis-ease and divide when considering queer theory in and for the health sciences. In so doing, I look to foster a process of making queer theory more tenable to applied practice—and to make practice in social work, at least, more queer. The exemplar of HIV is deconstructed as a preeminent discourse and health disparity. In the end, it is argued that queer theory may be an essential intervention in the arsenal of the helping professions.     

Double trouble: work–family conflict and well-being for second job holders

The purpose of this study was to provide an initial investigation into the work–family conflict (WFC) experiences of individuals who hold a second job. Specifically, we proposed two opposing theoretical arguments regarding the relationship between WFC and four measures of well-being: life satisfaction, physical health, emotional exhaustion, and exercise for individuals who hold two jobs. In a sample of individuals working two jobs, we tested whether the effects of WFC arising from the first job and from the second job exerted an additive or interactive effect on employee well-being. Our results indicated that for emotional exhaustion, physical symptoms, and life satisfaction, the effects of WFC from two jobs are interactive; but that for exercise, the effects of WFC from two jobs are additive. In both cases, the additional WFC experienced as a result of working a second job contributed to the prediction of employee well-being over and above WFC from the first job. Results are discussed within the context of relevant theory, and suggestions are made for future research.     

Love thy neighbour: Social identity and public support for humanitarian aid

Humanitarian aid can be contentious. Should finite national resources be sacrificed to serve the needy abroad? Social identity theorists argue that identification with a superordinate group, in this case the larger world community, should increase individual support for policies such as international humanitarian assistance. However, individuals can simultaneously associate with multiple identities. How does the combination of world and national identities affect support for humanitarian assistance? Using cross‐national survey data, we find evidence that support for international humanitarian aid is highest among those with a strong world identity and weak national identity relative to other identity combinations, though even those with a strong world identity and strong national identity can be supportive of aid.     

医古文翻译：基于翻译适应选择论视角

随着中医的发展逐渐走向国际化,关于中医的中外交流日益增多,而对中医的翻译却又难以达到令人满意的水平。其难点主要在于保证医学信息的正确与完整的同时,又要将中医中文化内涵准确地传达。本文试图运用翻译适应选择论这一新译论,将医古文译者在翻译过程中的适应与选择通过语言维、文化维、交际维这三大维度进行分析和说明,以期为医古文翻译的障碍找出解决办法,提高翻译质量,促进文化交流。     

Evaluating Probabilistic Forecasts with Bayesian Signal Detection Models

We propose the use of signal detection theory (SDT) to evaluate the performance of both probabilistic forecasting systems and individual forecasters. The main advantage of SDT is that it provides a principled way to distinguish the response from system diagnosticity, which is defined as the ability to distinguish events that occur from those that do not. There are two challenges in applying SDT to probabilistic forecasts. First, the SDT model must handle judged probabilities rather than the conventional binary decisions. Second, the model must be able to operate in the presence of sparse data generated within the context of human forecasting systems. Our approach is to specify a model of how individual forecasts are generated from underlying representations and use Bayesian inference to estimate the underlying latent parameters. Given our estimate of the underlying representations, features of the classic SDT model, such as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC), follow immediately. We show how our approach allows ROC curves and AUCs to be applied to individuals within a group of forecasters, estimated as a function of time, and extended to measure differences in forecastability across different domains. Among the advantages of this method is that it depends only on the ordinal properties of the probabilistic forecasts. We conclude with a brief discussion of how this approach might facilitate decision making.     

以孝道文化为核心的崇德向善理念之理论建构

习近平总书记高度重视道德建设，多次强调儒家思想在政府建设新型社会主义价值观过程中的重要地位。以孝道文化为核心的崇德向善理念的理论建构，可从三个方面进行分析论证：其研究视角是重视孝道文化在儒家思想中的核心地位，领会儒家思想占据政府建设新型价值观重要地位的明显趋势，从当代社会主义公民价值观的内涵定义来界定这一理论；其理论建构是以崇德向善为理念、以孝道文化为核心、以家庭教育为平台的结构框架；其对策和措施包括坚持“顶层设计、政府主导”的原则，采取“家庭为主、学校为辅”的教育方式，倡导“民俗为媒、繁荣节庆”的教育形式，强化“市场搭台、文化立国”运行机制。     

CEO duality and firm performance: The moderating roles of other executives and blockholding outside directors

This study examines how the effect of CEO duality on firm performance is affected by two internal governance forces – namely other executives in the top management team and blockholding outside directors. Results based on a longitudinal dataset from the U.S. computer industry were consistent with my hypotheses. Specifically, I found that the effect of CEO duality was negative when the CEO had dominant power relative to other executives and when the board had a blockholding outside director, but was nonsignificant otherwise. This study enriches our understanding of the effect of CEO duality, and helps reinforce the call for the nonduality structure as the default choice and put the burden of proof on those who wish to justify otherwise on special grounds.