福州市社区空巢老年人健康状况调查

目的了解空巢老年人的健康现状及其影响因素,为老龄工作提供科学依据。方法2002年4~5月进行入户调查,采用分层整群抽取福州市鼓楼、台江、仓山三个区60岁及以上的社区老年人,共得到有效样本1767例,其中空巢老人696名。空巢老人躯体健康、生活自理能力(ADL)、经济状况、精神健康、社会健康5个维度的健康状况及其影响因素的调查是本次研究的主要内容。结果福州市社区空巢老年人占老年人总体比例的39%,其中男性多于女性;由logistic检验得出空巢老年人健康状况受年龄、性别、原职业、是否赞成非家庭养老方式、锻炼程度等因素的影响。结论倡导空巢老年人形成良好的生活饮食习惯与自我保健意识,加强对空巢老年人慢性病的防治,丰富老年人的精神生活、社会生活,提高对空巢老年人经济支持,完善社区为老服务,从而改善空巢老年人的健康状况。     

对《模拟电路》课程教学的思考和探索

《模拟电路》是电类学科的一门重要技术基础课程,本文针对《模电》课程的特点,根据自身讲授该课程的教学体会,进行了探索和尝试,并回顾和总结了提高《模电》课程课堂教学质量和教学效果的一些做法。     

Asymptotic bias in the linear mixed effects model under non-ignorable missing data mechanisms

Summary.  In longitudinal studies, missingness of data is often an unavoidable problem. Estimators from the linear mixed effects model assume that missing data are missing at random. However, estimators are biased when this assumption is not met. In the paper, theoretical results for the asymptotic bias are established under non-ignorable drop-out, drop-in and other missing data patterns. The asymptotic bias is large when the drop-out subjects have only one or no observation, especially for slope-related parameters of the linear mixed effects model. In the drop-in case, intercept-related parameter estimators show substantial asymptotic bias when subjects enter late in the study. Eight other missing data patterns are considered and these produce asymptotic biases of a variety of magnitudes.     

伽达默尔的审美意识批判及其启示

伽达默尔对海德格尔的艺术真理学说进行解释学的重构,通过审美意识批判提出理解的真理,并以之作为艺术理论的立足点。伽达默尔指出:康德的审美趣味、席勒的审美王国、哈曼的审美感知、尧斯的审美经验将纯粹的审美意识作为艺术理论的立足点,否弃艺术的作为理解的认识的真理功能,显示了美学对于艺术理论的局限性。伽达默尔的这一批判结果对我国当代文学理论建设和发展极具启迪意义。     

少学时机械制图教学改革探讨与实践

通过对少学时机械制图的教学改革与实践 ,针对少学时机械制图的现状 ,提出了适合该学时段的教学目的、教学内容、教学方法及教学体会 ,较好地解决了内容多而学时少所存在的矛盾 ,同时又突出了注重学生应用能力和创新能力的培养的教改思路。     

关于在高校开设学习训练课的构想

由应试教育向素质教育转变是提高人才培养质量的必由之路 ,学生学习能力的培养是综合素质培养的一个非常重要的方面。文中提出在高校开设学习训练课是系统培养学生学习能力的有效途径 ,并就在高校开设学习训练课的必要性、课程内容安排、教学目标、课程建设等方面谈了自己的见解。     

动力学问题解题方法

对动力学问题的各种解法进行了详细讨论 ,以便增强学生选择解题方法的能力     

文艺美学的人学方向——论马克思主义美学的当代建构

马克思主义文艺美学蕴涵浓厚的人学精神,马克思恩格斯的美学理想突出表达了对人的关怀和对人的精神重塑的期盼,马克思主义文艺观因而具有旺盛的历史活力。在文艺美学的当代建构中,我们应当把握好学科建设的方向,坚持理论的务实品格,在关注人生、贴近审美实践中寻找新的学术生长点。     

Can we remember differently? A case study of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations

This article analyses the positive contribution that Slovenian voluntary, non–governmental organisations, users' organisations and community–based services in the field of mental health have made to the 'new culture of memory' of helpers and users. The conceptual differences between Slovenian psychiatric (institutional) treatment and voluntary community care are presented through the case study of Clare, a young woman who was diagnosed as a chronic schizophrenic. This example shows the importance of community care in voluntary organisations for the reduction of disability associated with mental disorders. The development of the new culture of memory in voluntary organisations and community–based services is not only the 'narrative turn' within social welfare, but also symbolises the 'implicit turn' in the relationship between the helper and the user. The real challenge of the new culture of memory in the process of help to disabled people (in respect of individuals working through traumatic memories) is that the helper can bear and support the user on a daily basis. During the process of their relationship, the deep implicit relational memories of both become activated and influence the change within the user as well as the helper.     

"祝颂"言语行为的汉英对比

汉英“祝颂”言语行为及“祝颂语”在词汇、句法、语体、语境、话语结构和文化背景等方面均存在共性与差异。实施“祝颂”言语行为时常出现“语用语言失误”和“社交语用失误” ,其根源在于文化差异 ,即英美文化的基督教信仰、个体主义、自我价值和汉文化的贬己尊人等传统观念之间的差异。