爱伦坡的文学理论及其在《黑猫》中的体现

爱伦坡在理论和实践上均坚持文学的最终目的是追求美的整体效果,反对文学的说教功能和现实价值。他的恐怖小说以独特的想象和深刻的洞察深入到人类心理隐秘的角落,名作《黑猫》是坡创作原则的集中体现。     

The Economics of Counterfeiting

We develop a strategic theory of counterfeiting as a multi‐market large game. Bad guys choose whether to counterfeit, and what quality to produce. Opposing them is a continuum of good guys who select a costly verification effort. In equilibrium, counterfeiters produce better quality at higher notes, but verifiers try sufficiently harder that verification still improves. We develop a graphical framework for deducing comparative statics. Passed and counterfeiting rates vanish for low and high notes. Our predictions are consistent with time series and cross‐sectional patterns in a unique data set assembled largely from the Secret Service.     

英汉语中“猫”及相关习语的文化内涵与翻译

汉字"猫"最初用来指代英语中的动物"cat"。随着其在语用环境中的使用与变化,"猫"的含义变得越来越丰富。它不再局限于字面意义,而是有了更为深刻的引申义,由此也衍生出了大量与猫相关的意在言外的习语。这些习语及其引申义的出现使猫文化更具生命力。中西方由于历史、地理、文化等因素的不同,猫文化也不同,因此在翻译与猫相关的习语时,了解其文化内涵尤为重要。本文通过分析猫文化在汉英两种语言中的异同,对其相关习语的翻译提出了三种方法:直译法、意译法和套译法。     

论中日文化中对“猫”的认知异同

中日两国有悠久的语言文化交流的历史。双方各自借鉴先进的因素,丰富和发展了自己的语言和文化。日本民族由于生活在岛国产生了自己独特的与猫有关的文化,并创造出与此相关的谚语表达。     

Quantitative risk assessment of rabies being introduced into mainland France through worldwide noncommercial dog and cat movements

France has been rabies-free among nonflying mammals since 2001. Despite this status, the rabies virus has been introduced several times through noncommercial pet movements, posing a threat of infection by this 100%-lethal zoonosis among local animal and human populations. To quantify the risk of rabies being introduced through worldwide noncommercial dog and cat movements, we performed a quantitative risk assessment using stochastic scenario tree modeling. The mean annual probability of at least one rabies introduction incident was 0.35 (median: 0.24, 90% prediction interval (PI) [0.04; 0.98]) and the mean annual number of rabies-infected pets introduced through pet movements was 0.96 (median: 0.27, 90% PI [0.04; 3.88]). These results highlight a nonnegligible, even high risk due to the associated consequences of such events. In alternative scenario testing, preventive anti-rabies vaccination proved to be an effective measure since removing the vaccination requirement led to a > 15-fold increase in risk. The serological testing requirement had less of an effect (approximately two-fold increase when removed) and the posttest waiting period to ensure that antibodies were not linked to an infection had a negligible effect. Any change in pet owner compliance, especially regarding vaccination, could have a major impact on the risk. This study also shows that reinforced border control staff training could be more effective in reducing risk than more frequent checks. These results provide quantitative data for assessing the probability of the rabies virus entering France, and could help policymakers decrease this risk in rabies-free areas.