Implied Preference for Seismic Design Level and Earthquake Insurance

Seismic risk can be reduced by implementing newly developed seismic provisions in design codes. Furthermore, financial protection or enhanced utility and happiness for stakeholders could be gained through the purchase of earthquake insurance. If this is not so, there would be no market for such insurance. However, perceived benefit associated with insurance is not universally shared by stakeholders partly due to their diverse risk attitudes. This study investigates the implied seismic design preference with insurance options for decisionmakers of bounded rationality whose preferences could be adequately represented by the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). The investigation is focused on assessing the sensitivity of the implied seismic design preference with insurance options to model parameters of the CPT and to fair and unfair insurance arrangements. Numerical results suggest that human cognitive limitation and risk perception can affect the implied seismic design preference by the CPT significantly. The mandatory purchase of fair insurance will lead the implied seismic design preference to the optimum design level that is dictated by the minimum expected lifecycle cost rule. Unfair insurance decreases the expected gain as well as its associated variability, which is preferred by risk-averse decisionmakers. The obtained results of the implied preference for the combination of the seismic design level and insurance option suggest that property owners, financial institutions, and municipalities can take advantage of affordable insurance to establish successful seismic risk management strategies.     

农村居民看病难、看病贵原因实证分析

利用扩展的线性支出系统模型(ELES),采用最小二乘法估计计算了我国农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格弹性。研究结果表明:农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格缺乏弹性。由于农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格缺乏弹性,加上我国目前医疗体制存在的以药养医和医疗机构的逐利行为以及医疗市场缺乏有效的监管等问题,导致农村居民看病难、看病贵。解决这个问题,需要国家增加对卫生领域的投入,降低农民看病时自费的比例,增强卫生市场的竞争性,适当使医疗卫生资源向农村地区倾斜,并逐渐把医疗机构办成非盈利机构。     

我国医疗社会保险的体系及存在问题

随着中国加入WTO ,社会保障事业开始与世界接轨。其中的一个重要问题就是社会医疗保险制度的改革及确立。在建立和完善社会医疗保险制度的过程中 ,遇到很多问题 ,还有很多内容需要从理论和实践两方面进行探索。     

Deposit Insurance,Institutions, and Bank Interest Rates

Many recent institutional reforms of the financial system have relied on the introduction of an explicit scheme of deposit insurance. This instrument aims at two main targets, contributing to systemic stability and protecting depositors. However, it may also affect the interest rate spread in the banking system, which can be viewed as an indicator of either inefficiency or market power in this financial segment. This paper provides an empirical investigation of the effect of deposit insurance and other institutional and economic variables on bank interest rates across countries. We find that deposit insurance increases the lending–deposit spread in banking. The main effect seems to arise not from the deposit side though, but from an increase in the lending rate. We interpret this result as evidence of the presence of moral hazard problems related to this instrument. We also find that higher quality of institutions is associated with lower spreads, thus contributing to eroding sources of market power in the banking sector.     

论医学模式的演变与医务社会工作概念的发展

医务社会工作是社会工作的一个重要的实务领域,自诞生之日起,其内涵就始终在不断的发展与丰富.医务社会工作的发展不仅受到经济社会发展的影响,更受到了医学模式发展的深切影响.本文主要对医学模式的演变与医务社会工作发展之间的关系进行了分析,认为医学模式由传统向现代模式的转变,使医务社会工作的内涵得以深化,理念得以提升.     

从鲁迅医学笔记看医学专业学生鲁迅

鲁迅医学笔记中的解剖学笔记,有经过誊写的笔记和直接笔录的笔记。誊写过的笔记上,字迹工整大小均匀,记录的部分和画图的部分还分别使用不同的笔记本。笔录的笔记上,字的大小不均匀、比较零乱,这说明是在课堂上匆匆记下来的。但是,随着课程的进展,听课习惯了,笔记也逐渐记得工整起来了。敷波教授的解剖学课,其中解剖学总论和骨骼学笔记是誊写的,韧带学、感觉器官学和内脏学是笔录的。敷波教授的组织学课,开头的25%是誊写的,其余是笔录的。藤野教授的解剖学课,只有肌肉学笔记是誊写的,笔录的血管学、神经学和局部解剖学(2年级)笔记上,有藤野批改过的痕迹。鲁迅一开始誊写了解剖学和组织学的笔记,但解剖图画得不太准确。大约过了两个月左右,就不再誊写全都改为笔录,藤野由此开始批改一直持续到2年级。这个时期,笔记上的解剖图描绘得丰富多彩,又是一气呵成,给人以与众不同的美感。由此可见,藤野教授把鲁迅叫去,开始给他批改笔记,这段轶闻趣事发生在入学后两个月左右,这与誊写笔记改为笔录在时间上是一致的。与《藤野先生》一文中的轶闻趣事相对应的内容,体现在鲁迅医学笔记之中。但时间和经过与鲁迅医学笔记有出入。后来,鲁迅根据他对几个事件的记忆,创作了这段轶闻趣事。     

医疗消费的经济学探讨

医疗消费是一个倍受大众关注的特殊的社会行为 ,关于如何正确认识与看待这一问题 ,理论界尚未展开更深入的研究。为此 ,从经济学的角度来探讨医疗消费这个关系到每个人切身利益的问题 ,并浅析公费医疗在市场经济条件下的不合理性 ,是十分必要的。     

高校合并对原医学院校学报的影响

高校合并将给合并前的原医学院校学报(以下简称学报)带来提高学术水平、扩大刊物影响力、增加稿源和扩展作者群的机会,但短期内学报刊名变更可能会影响检索系统数据库对其文献计量学参数的统计,也可能影响刊物的订阅.学报应抓住机遇,努力克服短期内的不利因素,不断提高刊载论文的学术水平,使学报越办越好.     

我国银行保险发展探析

在分析欧洲银行保险迅猛发展的基础上,剖析了起步阶段我国银行保险发展中存在的问题,着重提出了发展我国银行保险的对策:(1)进行保险产品和服务的创新;(2)保险公司信息技术系统的改进与完善;(3)加强银保合作监管。银行保险;银保合作;兼业代理     

论保险利益的效力

保险利益原则是保险法上的基本原则之一 ,其功能在于防止赌博和道德危险。保险利益应于何时、对何人发生效力 ,是保险利益的效力问题。基于保险利益的功能和存在的意义 ,保险利益应是对保险合同中约定的、或法律规定的受益人的约束 ,其应在保险事故发生时存在。