社会保障、代际支持如何影响城镇老年人退而不休?

对城镇老年人退而不休的动因分析,是合理开发和管理老年人力资源的前提.基于代际支持的传导作用,研究发现,具有较高社会保障水平、健康状况较好和学历较高的城镇老年人选择退而不休更倾向于实现自我价值,同时,足够的家庭养老支持对他们积极发挥余热的动机有正向推动作用;而健康状况较差和学历较低的城镇老年人,由于家庭养老支持不足、其付出与获得的家庭资源不对等以及由此产生的社会保障"外溢"等压力,更可能以获得收入为动机选择退而不休,进而导致其发展权利受损.因此,有差别地开发和管理老年人力资源、谨慎制定并实施延迟退休政策,对实现积极、健康的老龄化社会有着重要的意义.     

The Association Between the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Health Care Seeking Behavior Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

The new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) is the primary form of social insurance in rural China. This study aims to explore how the NCMS influences the health care seeking behaviors of middle-aged and older Chinese, considering the family and community contexts. A series of multi-level (three-level) models using data from the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) are used. We find that the presence of NCMS coverage has a statistically significant association with seeking inpatient and outpatient care but not physical checkups among middle-aged and older rural Chinese: Rural residents insured by NCMS were more likely to seek inpatient and outpatient care than people who were not insured. Other factors at the individual level (such as self-perceived health and number of doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases), the family level (such as living arrangements and household expenditures), and the community level (such as the presence of township hospitals within the community) are also significant predictors of health care seeking behaviors.     

The Impact of In-Home Services Utilization on the Institutionalization of Older People in Korea

As a result of aging populations, institutionalization of older people is creating an increasing financial burden in many countries. The purpose of the present study was to explore the impact of in-home service utilization on institutionalization. The subjects were newly certified as eligible for long-term care insurance between January and February 2009 in Korea. The follow-up period was 40 months, to April 2012. We used logistic regression models to identify factors influencing the transition to institutional service, adjusting for gender, age, living status, income level, activities of daily living, and chronic disease. The institutionalization rate was estimated to be 17.3% over 40 months. The interval from transitional living to institutionalization was 36 ± 8 months. Risk factors of transition to institutional services are being female, having advanced age, living with friends or cousins, getting dementia, and not using in-home services. We determined that institutionalization is mitigated by use of in-home services. Therefore, supplying appropriate in-home services to current nonusers would help to greatly reduce the rate of institutionalization of older people.     

Domesticating insurance,financializing family lives: the case of private health insurance for children in Finland

This article explores the domestication of a financial instrument that is much used in contemporary Finland, but that most of its users do not primarily think about in terms of being a financial instrument: the private health insurance for children. In Finland, all children are covered by social insurance and are entitled to free public health service with very low costs, if any. Yet, some 40 percent of families want to supplement this service with private products. Many fear that the popularity of the private health insurance for children contributes to a vicious circle that ends up weakening the legitimacy of, and the service given by, the public health sector; inequality in the face of health risks threatens to be aggravated, as well. Therefore, this financial instrument has become an object of political controversy. The main question of the article is: how do economic, political and moral valuations become intertwined in the domestication of insurance? The concept of ‘domestication’ is found helpful for analysing the pragmatics of valuation and for appreciating the dynamics and the heterogeneity of forces at play when financialization influences everyday life. The study argues that when financial instruments are appropriated they are also transformed; thus, they should not be viewed as homogeneous tools that have similar effects in all contexts of use. The main empirical materials studied are interviews with families with and without private health insurance policies for their children.     

我国道路交通事故社会救助基金制度之检讨与完善

道路交通事故救助基金作为一种新型的社会保障制度,在机动车交通事故责任强制保险无法发挥作用时,为交通事故中的受害人提供社会救助。自救助基金制度实施以来,其所具有的社会保障功能引起各地政府的重视,但严格的补偿条件和因地而异的运行机制阻碍了社会救助功能的发挥。基于此,需要进一步扩大救助基金的来源,修改救助基金的补偿条件,完善救助基金的追偿,使救助基金作为社会救助之一种,能够起到安定人民生活、救助社会弱者的作用。     

河北省新型农村合作医疗制度存在的问题及对策

新型农村合作医疗试行以来,在预防农民因病返贫、因病致贫方面取得了一定效果,但在实际工作中仍存在一些问题。究其原因,一是由于新农合宣传工作不到位,农民尚不能完全理解新农合的意义,并由此产生一定误解;二是由于医患关系日趋复杂,致使新农合面临巨大压力。本文通过对河北省部分市县新农合试行状况的调查分析,对其中的典型问题进行了总结,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

医疗保险的特性与管理——基于美国医改案例的分析

美国的医疗保险体系以商业医疗保险制度为主,研究奥巴马医疗改革方案的内容和变革走向,有助于认识医疗保险的特征和管理方法,并从中获取新的有益的启示。本文通过对美国医疗改革法案的分析认为,医疗保险是准公共产品,不能完全依靠市场机制来解决;医疗保险是重要的公共管理事务;医疗保险制度的建立重在公平性;医疗保险的管理必须强化政府责任,强化对保险机构和医疗服务机构的监管。     

国外立法对我国农村医疗保障制度的启示

我国是农业大国,农村人口占全国总人口的百分之70到80,大多数农村人口收益低微,＂看病难、看病贵＂的问题非常突出,因此,对广大农民健康的关注以及农村医疗保障改革,已经成为我国社会保障体系建设的重中之重。在＂新医改方案＂出台的大背景下,通过比较外国相关法律制度,对我国农村医疗保障的现有制度和不足进行研究与分析,提出进行改革和完善的对策,从而切实维护和保障广大农民的权益,落实宪法和法律的要求。     

新型农村社会养老保险基金收支测算分析——以宝鸡市为例

农村社会养老保险制度是农村养老保障体系的重要组成部分.陕西省宝鸡市于2007年率先在全国进行了新型农村社会养老保险的试点工作.该制度实行以来取得了较好的效果,维护了农民的养老保障权益,为全国新型农村社会养老保险制度的建设和实行积累了经验.但是随着该制度的推广和时间的推移,能否持续稳定运行以渡过人口老龄化高峰期仍需进一步验证.基于宝鸡市的数据,利用模型构建测算了养老保险基金累积结余变化情况,提出了政策建议.     

贵州省农业保险发展的困境及支持政策研究

贵州省情特殊,农业保险的发展较为艰难。本文在阐述贵州农业保险开展现状的基础上着力从农户视角、保险公司视角和政府视角全面分析贵州农业保险开展中存在的需求、供给和支持困境,并依次从农户的需求行为、保险公司的供给行为和政府的支持行为三方面探析贵州农业保险发展困境存在的原因,以此为依据提出了提高贵州农户农业保险需求、促进贵州保险公司农业保险供给和加强贵州各级政府对农业保险支持的政策建议。