Circadian rhythms and bright light: Recommendations for shift work

This paper starts with a brief review of the basic principles of human circadian rhythms relevant to understanding the problem of shift work. It then presents a more detailed critical review of the recent bright light literature, with an emphasis on methodological shortcomings, alternative interpretations, and areas that need further research. Evidence is presented which suggests that either a light-dark cycle (which includes bright light) or a sleep-wake schedule can act as a zeitgeber for human circadian rhythms. Current human phase response curves to bright light are reviewed. Light-work-sleep schedules are presented which have been designed to eliminate the physiologically based harmful consequences of shift work. These schedules include both bright light and sleep-wake schedule zeitgebers. Other practical applications of bright light treatment are mentioned.     

The impact of park trees on microclimate in urban areas

Trees in cities have an important positive effect on people’s lives. One such positive effect is the amelioration of microclimate. The aim of this research is to assess the correlation between parameters that affect the microclimate of parks during the summer. We measured air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation in the sun and shade of the trees in urban parks in Thessaloniki, Greece. The results indicate that: the air (A) temperature reduction percentage (dTair%), air relative humidity increase (dTRh%), discontent index reduction percentage (DI%) (cooling effect) and solar radiation (L) percentage that passes through the trees’ foliage to their shade creates an exponential function of dA% = a.e-bL. These functions are also applicable to the limiting variation values of the parameters. If we use L = 0 (meaning Lightsh = 0, which is the case for an extremely dense tree), then the values that we expect from this particular parameter are the maximum possible. These maximum values are a characteristic feature of the parameter variation for this particular research area. These maximum values for the trees in the parks of Thessaloniki are: maxdTair% ≈ 24%, maxdRh% ≈ 41% and maxdDI% ≈16%.     

矩形微通道内滑移区气体流动换热的数值模拟

在等壁温边界条件下对矩形微细通道速度滑移区的对流换热进行了二维数值模拟、在一阶速度滑移和温度跳跃的边界条件下，计算出了通道内的速度和温度以及压力分布。比较了不同克努森数Kn对于滑移速度和跳跃温度的影响。结果表明，由于气体的稀薄性，压力呈现更加线性化减小的趋势，随着Kn的增加，通道入口与出口处的滑移速度和跳跃温度至现增加的趋势。在通道入口附近，气流速度和温度变化剧烈，而在出口处截面平均流速和温度随加的增加而降低．     

基片温度对非晶碳硅薄膜电导的影响

在基片加热的条件下,高纯硅靶在甲烷和氩的混合气氛中,采用直流平面磁控反应溅射,可以制备具有光电响应的氢化非晶碳硅合金薄膜。本文对不同基片温度下成膜的样品进行了电导性能测试并分析了测试结果,得出了基片温度是影响该薄膜光电导的关键因素的结论。     

三火球模型中参数配分温度的计算

利用夸克-胶子等离子体模型的计算结果计算三火球模型中的参数配分温度,计算值和实验结果符合。     

深井钻井的压力平衡研究

深井钻井具有高温高压及地层压力和地层破裂压力间安全钻井液密度窗口极为狭窄的特点,这为在深井钻井过程中保持井眼系统的压力平衡提出了更高的要求。为此,针对深井钻井的特点,运用流变学、传热学和物质平衡的基本原理,建立钻井液循环和静止状况下的钻井液温度分布模式及高温高压密度模式和高温高压流变模式,应用这些模式和地层流体的PVT特性对一些实钻深井的溢流现象进行分析。结果表明,井眼水力系统流体热力学模型对深井、超深井的压力平衡控制至关重要。     

镍膜热敏电阻的研究

介绍一种新型的温度传感器——镍膜热敏电阻。该传感器的优良特性已为人们所关注。本文着重探讨镍膜热敏电阻的制作工艺条件对其性能的影响。同时介绍了作者研制的镍膜热电阻的特性和主要技术指标。镍膜热敏电阻是一种很有开发前景的感温元件。     

基于单片机的智能稳压电源的设计

一种以单片机系统为核心的智能稳压电源 ,把开关电源的高效率特性与单片机系统自动检测和控制技术相结合 ,采用先进的传感器进行数据采样 ,运用适当的算法进行电压调整和电路保护。     

熔盐电化学反应炉温度控制系统研究

设计了适合熔盐电化学钽阳极氧化工艺的电化学反应炉及其温度控制系统,研究了模糊参数自整定PID控制器在电化学反应炉温度控制系统中的应用。对常规PID控制器和模糊参数自整定PID控制器进行了仿真对比,结果表明基于模糊参数在线自整定的PID控制器系统超调量明显减小,控制系统的动静态性能均得到改善。现场实验结果也证明了该设计方案是合理有效的。     

温度对城市生活垃圾气化的影响研究——以餐厨垃圾中的典型组分米饭为例

垃圾气化是近年发展起来的一种垃圾处理技术,它能够降低二噁英排放量和重金属污染,同时具有无害化、减容化及资源化等优点,因此,成为最具潜力的焚烧处理替代技术。利用自行搭建的管式炉实验平台,每次选取0.1g生活垃圾中的典型组分——米饭为研究对象,探讨其在400℃、500℃、600℃、700℃、750℃、800℃、900℃及1000℃等8个温度下气化时所产生CO、H2、SO2以及NO的规律,研究表明:最佳气化温度为750℃,与其他气化温度相比较,750℃下米饭气化所得的可燃气CO与H2最多,分别可达常压下的29.615mL与7.243mL;而污染气体SO2与NO则相对较少,分别为常压下的0.054mL与0.127mL。该研究成果能为垃圾气化炉的优化运行提供一定的理论参考。