A 14-h night-shift in the control room of a fire brigade

All 29 operators in the control room of a fire brigade performed test sessions during work and leisure time at 2-h intervals on a day with a 14-h night-shift, a day off and a day with a 10-h morning shift. The test sessions consisted of a visual search choice reaction time test and two Sternberg memory search tests (1 or 5 letters had to be memorized). Furthermore, the operators recorded their oral temperature and their subjective alertness before each test session. The subject also kept a diary of work and sleep times for 14 days. The circadian rhythm of body temperature was hardly changed by a single night-shift. Parallel to the body temperature, the subjective alertness fell significantly during the night-shift reaching a minimum value at 06:00 h. The mean reaction times increased non-significantly at the end of the night-shift and the results of the two Sternberg memory search tests showed no significant trends. The sleep of the operators after the night-shift was on average reduced to 5 hs 34 min. The results of subjective rating of alertness and reaction time test are interpreted as effects of the combined influences of circadian rhythmicity, sleep loss and time on professional task. Most results support the conclusion that a 14-h night-shift without extensive breaks is not acceptable.     

砖混楼房墙体裂缝的探析

砖混结构房屋常见的问题就是墙体裂缝问题,即由于温度收缩引起的墙体裂缝以及由地基变形引起的墙体裂缝。现对裂缝产生的原因和防治措施进行一下探悉。     

某地下车库工程裂缝分析与处理

某地下车库工程出现裂缝,通过对裂缝产生原因的分析,提出裂缝处理措施,为今后解决此类裂缝问题提供一定的参考.     

Why does onlyAthalia Japonica enter summer diapause among three sympatricAthalia sawflies feeding on crucifers?

Summary This report assesses the primary factor for the evolution of summer diapause of the three species of sawfly,Athalia japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata that feed on cruciferous plants and coexist in the same area.A. japonica has two discrete spring and autumn generations, butA. rosae andA. infumata 5–6 generations. OnlyA. japonica enters summer diapause in response to the long daylengths in spring. Although these three sawflies usually feed on the same cultivated crucifers, they differ markedly in the utilization of wild crucifers. They oviposit only on young leaves.A. japonica mainly usesCardamine plants which sprout in spring and autumn.A. rosae andA. infumata primarily use hosts with new leaves all the year round, i.e. cultivated crucifers andRorippa indica, respectively. The thermal threshold for development is lower inA. japonica than in the other two species. The low heat tolerance ofA. japonica is adapted only to cool shady habitats whereCardamine grows. Presumably, summer diapause ofA. japonica is adaptation to the deterioration of the primary host plants rather than unfavorable climatic conditions. This interpretation is supported by the movement patterns of the threeAthalia sawflies, alternative means to escape from deteriorated habitat conditions.     

球墨铸铁曲轴的气体软氮化

柴油机的珠墨铸铁曲轴系重要零件,气体软氮化应用到球墨铸铁领域还是一种新工艺,而且比中频淬火效果好,提高了曲轴的抗疲劳和抗磨损的能力。本文对气体软氮化的基本原理、设备、工艺参数的选择和催渗方法进行了探讨,对软氮化后曲轴的尺寸形状误差、光洁度和机械性能的提高等进行了较详细的试验、分析和比较,结果,经气体软氮化后的曲轴不但尺寸形站误差符合图纸要求外,而且抛去轻微氧化层后光洁度还略有提高,曲轴安全系数由1.3～1.6提高到1.70～1.77,并且一般不再发生疲劳断(?),使用寿命比原来寿命增加3.32倍以上。     

TM_(010)模圆柱腔GUNN振荡器

本文论述了 TM_(010)模式圆柱腔 GUNN 振荡器的理论基础、设计原理与使用特点。这种振荡器在微波技术中作为中精度、小功率信号源在测量、雷达、微波通信、卫星通信以及微波报警器等方面有广泛的应用。     

高临界温度超导体的研究进展和前景

本文综合论述了1987年以来超导研究发展的动态、进展和预言了超导发展的前景。文章简述了超导物理学发展简史,并就超导起始转变温度、临界电流密度、超导线材、超导薄膜、超导器件、超导制备工艺、超导组分、超导相结构以及超导理论方面的进展分别作了介绍。并对超导发展的方向作了一定的评述。     

湿空气的图解法及图

本文提出了湿空气的图解法，导出了符合工程习惯的湿空气的计算式，绘制了湿空气的－温图，－压图与－湿图，并给出了算例。本文所提供的湿空气的图解法使湿空气的计算与湿空气其它参数的计算一样简便。     

基于ANSYS的激光焊接温度场数值模拟与实验研究

为了探究钢铝2种金属材料的焊接性能,以B1500HS高强钢和6016铝合金为对象,基于ANSYS平台建立钢／铝激光平板搭接焊的三维有限元模型,进行焊接过程温度场数值模拟,采用热电偶同步测温方法测得焊接热循环曲线。将实测结果与数值模拟结果对比分析,表明吻合度较好。验证了模拟计算的准确性。     

预氧化对多孔碳化硅陶瓷抗氧化及抗热震性的影响

考察了多孔碳化硅陶瓷的抗氧化性及抗热震性,探讨了不同制造工艺对多孔碳化硅陶瓷抗氧化性及抗热震性的影响。研究了SiC陶瓷在热处理过程中SiC颗粒表面氧化形成的SiO_2在不同热处理温度的状态变化及其对试样抗热震性的影响。