The disorganized family: institutions,practices and normativity

This paper considers the value of a normative account of the relationship between agents and institutions for contemporary efforts to explain ever more complex and disorganized forms of social life. The character of social institutions, as they relate to practices, agents and norms, is explored through an engagement with the common claim that family life has been de‐institutionalized. The paper argues that a normative rather than empirical definition of institutions avoids a false distinction between institutions and practices. Drawing on ideas of social freedom and creative action from critical theory, the changes in family life are explained not as an effect of de‐institutionalization, but as a shift from an organized to a disorganized institutional type. This is understood as a response to changes in the wider normative structure, as a norm of individual freedom has undermined the legitimacy of the organized patriarchal nuclear family, with gender ascribed roles and associated duties. Contemporary motherhood is drawn on to illustrate the value of analysing the dynamic interactions between institutions, roles and practices for capturing both the complexity and the patterned quality of social experience.     

政府旅游开发方式评析——以土耳其为例

提起旅游,人们脑海里首先浮现的必然是"阳光与海滩"。土耳其是地中海地区的一个主要国家,在历史、文化、自然风光、美食、民俗等方面都具有巨大潜力,并且土耳其人民也非常热情友善。土耳其拥有21世纪的游客所寻求的异国风情。为使土耳其的这种潜力在继续服务于旅游业的同时保持其延续性,就需要认真的自省与科学的研究和规划。旅游业对于一国的社会福利和经济发展有着举足轻重的影响,但也存在毁灭当地资源的可能。理性运用旅游资产、增加游客数量和提高旅游收入,这些都可以通过有效的旅游规划来实现。在此问题上,中央政府、地方政府和非政府组织在相互协作的框架下各司其职显得至关重要。本文通过揭示当前土耳其旅游业的现状,对中央和地方政府扮演的角色做出评析,希望从国家管理的风格和方式角度出发,使土耳其的旅游规划和政策取得实际效果。     

中部崛起中的地方政府治理创新

在实施中部崛起战略的新时期,地方政府起着主导作用,而中部地区的发展也对地方政府提出了新的时代要求。为此,地方政府必须深入贯彻落实科学发展观,提高政府治理能力,努力建设服务型政府,以有效促进中部崛起。     

Challenges of social workers' involvement in the recovery of the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China

This article explores the challenges of social workers' involvement in recovery work of the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake (12 May 2008). Six social workers working in three social work stations in Sichuan, China, were asked to report the challenges they faced in working with disaster survivors. Findings reveal that the social workers faced many challenges. These include lack of government support, low professional status of social work, rapid changes in the social environment in disaster‐affected areas, lack of supervision, lack of cooperation and coordination among social service agencies, and lack of experience and knowledge in working with disaster survivors. The practical, educational and policy implications of the findings are addressed.     

A Legal Structure for Limiting the Agency Cost of Stock Rights Transfer

The unilateral disposition of stock rights’ voting rights detracts from the welfare of the other shareholders. Contractual arrangements restricting or prohibiting the transfer of stock rights under the capital majority rule may infringe upon shareholders’ right of withdrawal, further weakening stock market constraints on senior management and indirectly raising the agency cost of management abuse of power for private ends. In creating a legal structure for stock rights transfer, we need to find an appropriate balance between freedom of contract, capital majority rule and reduction of agency costs. Judges should determine that the transfer of voting rights is invalid in order to ensure that voting rights match residual claim rights and maintain the constraints on senior management represented by shareholder voting rights. The general prohibition of stock rights transfer in the articles of association blocks shareholders’ right of withdrawal; this is not conducive to restraining potential abuses of power on the part of senior management and should be made invalid. Judges must differentiate between long- and short-term contracts and the initial and revised clauses of the articles of association in order to distinguish between the efficacy of different arrangements limiting transfer of stock rights as laid down in the articles of association.     

日本中介组织对中小企业的指导作用及其启示

日本中小企业的健康发展同中介组织的有效指导密切相关,建立在立法和政府上下一条线的管理基础上,中介组织对中小企业发挥了积极的指导作用。这些经验对发展中国的中小企业很有借鉴意义。中国应加强立法、行政管理和中介组织建设以促进中小企业的健康发展。     

Socioeconomic inequality and adjustments in children’s perceptions of their agency as they age in South Korea

This paper explores how children's perceptions of their agency, as something that is closely associated with its exercise, appear in relation to social structural factors, especially their socioeconomic positions, as they age. Using data from 862 10–18 years old in South Korea, we examine how children's expressed optimism about their ability to achieve their occupational choices can conceal the impact of structural factors on their ‘choices’ and dispositions for (non‐)action over time. Based on the findings, we argue for a more careful interpretation of children's sense of agency that recognises its propensity to continuously adjust in contexts of structural inequality.     

人工智能生成物的著作权保护路径探析——兼评人工智能生成物著作权第一案

人工智能技术的发展对传统著作权制度带来了显著的冲击。以人工智能生成物著作权第一案为例,通过审视作品构成要件判断标准发现,独创性始终贯彻以人类作者为中心的评价标准,同时,智力成果要件则是认定人工智能生成物构成著作权法意义上作品与否的重要标准。从人类是否实际参与作品的创作过程来看,多数人工智能生成物不构成作品,而保护人工智能生成物的价值追求与邻接权制度的基本理念相适应,且邻接权制度的扩张趋势也为把人工智能生成物纳入其保护范畴创造了机会。建议立法通过扩张邻接权制度的权利内容与客体类型以对人工智能生成物提供必要保护。而在当前阶段,反不正当竞争法可以为人工智能生成物相关利益主体提供一定限度的过渡保护。     

中部地区人才引进政策设计研究

以中国加入WTO为背景,将中部6省作为研究对象,通过构造均匀实验设计方案,运用DPS系统全面探查了地域、单位性质、住房补贴、安家费、年薪、职务或职称待遇、科研(或项目)启动费、配偶安排、子女安排和合同期限10个因素对人才的吸引力,并在比较不同样本结果的基础上确定了中部地区人才引进政策的优化组合方式.     

服务业员工情绪劳动策略效能的实证研究

有关服务业中情绪劳动的管理研究正在引起关注。已有研究认为员工的情绪智力影响情绪劳动中的工作绩效、工作满意度以及工作压力感,本文进一步提出个体的情绪劳动策略对此起到中介作用。通过对电信服务业员工情绪智力、情绪劳动策略和工作绩效、工作满意度、压力感的实证分析,发现情绪劳动策略在情绪智力和员工的工作绩效、工作满意度和工作压力感之间起到部分中介作用。研究结果对服务型企业的人力资源管理实践具有一定的借鉴意义。