集中采购机构的立法缺陷与完善

我国《政府采购法》明确规定了集中采购机构的法律地位、权利范围、工作职责乃至法律责任等内容,无疑为正确规范集中采购机构行为提供了可靠的法律依据。然而,有关集中采购机构的设置、业务范围、转委托代理、预算体制等法律问题,仍需要进一步加以探讨和完善。     

Electronic markets in support of procurement processes along the automotive supply chain

Since the introduction of the internet, firms have continued to seek ways to use these public networks to gain competitive advantage. The procurement function is beginning to take on greater strategic importance as these networks started providing firms wider opportunities such as choices of suppliers. This aims not only to reduce procurement costs, but also to build stronger relationships with suppliers to improve quality and flexibility in meeting customer demand. This type of linkage of firms with their suppliers when the product manufactured is complex and supply-chain is heavily tiered, such as the case of the automobile industry, creates challenges to any electronic market or exchange that is aiming to support such a system. Based on discussions with some key individuals in an automotive supply chain and an in-depth analysis of a supply-chain segment, this paper explores the role electronic markets may have to play, if they are to support the procurement processes of various agents along the supply chain.     

Public procurement of innovation: empirical evidence from EU public authorities on barriers for the promotion of innovation

Public procurement is seen as a powerful instrument for innovation policy, but meaningful barriers seem to hinder its deployment. This study reviews literature on complexity, time consumption, and risk representing important hindrances for the procurement of innovation from public buyers' perspective. Findings provide evidence on the existence of hindrances for public procurement of innovation across European Union member states through the analysis of data from a large-scale survey. Further, differences in terms of the perception of barriers become evident depending on the availability of monitoring systems for innovation performance.     

Public procurement of innovation and local authority procurement: procurement modes and framework conditions in three European cities

Local authorities present complex implementation settings for public procurement of innovation (PPI) practices and include a range of barriers, yet their proximity to citizens and local economic actors suggests that they are likely to encounter unmet needs in advance of national governments, creating potential to act as lead users. This paper develops a conceptualisation of the local authority procurement environment, using it as a framework for analysing the potential for PPI in three city authorities across Europe, representing three distinct modes of public procurement: functional procurement, tactical procurement and strategic procurement. The paper proposes that local authorities are broadly characterised by cyclical, geographically bounded procurement activity, which contains potential for stimulating incremental innovation through normal procurement activity if the external institutional setting is permissive. The paper suggests conditions for increasing the possibilities for more disruptive innovation through local authority procurement and areas for further research.     

It is not easy being green: increasing sustainable public procurement behaviour

To achieve greater sustainability, governments need to continuously adapt their purchasing activities to innovations in the market. Sustainable procurement is a decision-making process in which the decisions of procurers determine if the full potential of sustainable procurement is used. The decisions and thus behaviour of procurers are therefore crucial for the successfulness of sustainable procurement. According to organizational theory, commitment to change could influence this behaviour. Hence, in the study, we examined if commitment to implement sustainable procurement increases sustainable procurement behaviour by Dutch public procurers and what determines this commitment to implement sustainable procurement are. Our study shows first that both affective commitment to implement sustainable procurement and procedural justice increase sustainable procurement behaviour. In addition, the results show that commitment to change acts as a mechanism between fit with vision, ecological sustainability attitude, procedural justice and sustainable procurement behaviour.     

Quo vadis public procurement of innovation?

Governments are actively looking for ways to use public procurement so that it would become more effective in facilitating innovation across public and private sectors. However, a shift towards public procurement of innovation (PPI) has proven to be difficult. Whereas the contemporary debate has mostly focused on how to reduce the barriers of PPI through re-conceptualizing the procurement process, there is a need to take into account also wider strategic factors through which governments create capacity to undertake PPI. By revisiting historic and contemporary policy initiatives, four strategies for the future can be envisioned: PPI as experimental innovation policy, from fiscal policy under austerity to PPI, mission-oriented PPI and shifts in administrative culture towards PPI. Each of the strategies demands different capacities from the entrepreneurial sector, as well as state, policy and administrative capacities from the public sector. These issues should be an inherent part of future policy-making and offer new avenues for PPI-related policy analysis and academic research.     

集中安置移民与点状安置移民群体满意度对比研究——以四川省安置移民为例

灾害移民群体迁移到新居住地生活并发展生产的过程,是一个社会适应或再社会化的过程,客观把握移民对目前各方面状况的满意程度,能够了解移民目前的真正需求,使移民更好、更快、更稳的适应新居住地。通过对集中安置移民群体(邛崃市南宝山乡)和点状安置移民群体(罗江县慧觉镇)的问卷调查,发现点状安置移民的满意度高于集中安置移民;当地居民对待移民的态度及移民与当地居民的交往程度都会对移民的满意度产生影响。     

文艺传播亟须强化人文理性精神

目前我国的文艺传播 ,亟须在强化法律建设和法治精神的前提下 ,强化人文理性精神 ,以期在新的传播环境中 ,尽快克服靠集中整治解决问题的“路径依赖” ,摆脱文艺传媒发生重要异变 ,而新的约束机制却匮乏和乏力带来的监管困境。同时 ,整合壮大正派的文艺批评阵营 ,倡导理性务实的文艺批评 ,以削弱进而消除各种“炒作”加剧的浮躁、混乱现象 ,促进经济社会和人的全面发展。     

双边多轮价格谈判过程的建模与分析

针对电子商务环境下集中采购的价格谈判的特点,提出了讨价还价轨迹图的概念.该轨迹图可以记录谈判对手的历史谈判数据,分析其心理特性,为当前谈判提供参考.基于这种轨迹图,提出了多点组合法和折线延伸法两种在谈判中预估成交价格的计算方法.这些方法可以在谈判过程中,实时地为谈判人员提供信息支持,避免大的失误,使谈判取得更好的经济收益.以上工作已在某企业采购中心电子商务系统获得应用,并取得满意的效果.     

The Use of Management Contracts for Construction in Hong Kong

A traditional construction contract requires all detail design works to be completed before tendering and subsequentconstruction works can commence, and therefore requires a longer time for project completion. This paper describes ahence reduce project duration. There are advantages in management contracting, but there are disadvantages too. They arediscussed in detail in this paper. Two management contracts executed in Hong Kong are used as case studies to illustrate thesaid advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion is then made and possible further research work is also suggested.