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31.
Adriana Amorim Francisco Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos De Oliveira Mary Steen Moacyr Roberto Cuce Nobre Eder Viana De Souza 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(5):e334-e340
Background
Ice-pack is widely used for alleviating postpartum perineal pain sustained after birth related perineal trauma. However, it lacks robust evidence on timing and frequency of applications, to ensure the effective and safe use of this therapy.Aims
To evaluate if a 10 min ice-pack application relieved postpartum perineal pain and if the analgesic effect was maintained for up to 2 h.Methods
A randomised controlled trial conducted from December 2012 to February 2013 with 69 primiparous women ≥18 years old, 6–24 h postpartum, with perineal pain ≥3, who had not received anti-inflammatory medication or analgesics after childbirth, who were randomised to a single ice-pack application on the perineum for 10 min or standard care. The primary and secondary outcomes were a reduction ≥30% in perineal pain intensity, immediately after the application and the maintenance of the analgesic effect for up to 2 h, respectively.Findings
Immediately post-intervention, the proportion of women whose perineal pain decreased ≥30% was significantly higher in the experimental group. Within 2 h, there was no significant difference in the pain levels in both groups. Within 2 h, for 61.9% and 89.3% of women in the experimental and control group, respectively, the perineal pain levels remained unchanged. For the remaining participants, perineal pain was increasing after an average time of 1 h 45 min and 1 h 56 min for the experimental and control groups, respectively.Conclusion
By applying an ice-pack for 10 min to the perineum, effective pain relief is achieved, that is maintained for between 1 h 45 min and 2 h. 相似文献32.
Nuria Infante-Torres Milagros Molina-Alarcón Ana Rubio-Álvarez Julián Rodríguez-Almagro Antonio Hernández-Martínez 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(5):e318-e324
Aim
To assess the relationship between the duration of the second stage of labour and postpartum anaemia during vaginal birth.Methods
An observational, analytical retrospective cohort study was performed at the “Mancha-Centro Hospital” (Spain) during the 2013–2016 period. Data were collected from 3437 women who had a vaginal birth. Postpartum anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin level below 11 g/dL at 24 h postpartum. A univariate analysis was used for potential risk factors and a multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression to control for possible confounding factors.Findings
The incidence of postpartum anaemia was 42.0%. The risk of postpartum anaemia did not increase in nulliparous women whose duration of the second stage of labour exceeded 4 h. Compared with multiparous women who delivered between 0 and 3 h, multiparous women with a duration of the second stage of labour beyond 3 h were at higher risk of postpartum anaemia (OR = 2.43 [1.30–4.52]).Conclusion
The duration of the second stage of labour beyond 4 h is safe for postpartum anaemia in nulliparous women. However in multiparous women, monitoring should increase if the second stage of labour exceeds 3 h given the increased risk of postpartum anaemia. 相似文献33.
Melissa Buultjens Gregory Murphy Priscilla Robinson Jeannette Milgrom Melissa Monfries 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(5):406-414
Background
While the provision of maternity education across the perinatal period can increase the confidence and self-efficacy in childbearing women, there is still thought to be a lack of effective educational resources for parenthood. This study, conducted in Victoria, Australia, investigated women’s experiences of, and attitudes to education communicated in maternity service provision.Methods
189 women were recruited from a variety of settings to participate in a mixed-methods survey about their experiences of perinatal health service education.Findings
Of the sample of childbearing women, 153 (81%) reported attending antenatal classes. Women perceived their antenatal education as beneficial, though many women still felt unprepared beyond labour and birth. With respect to the hospital postnatal stay, findings suggested a variation among the content imparted to women across different Victorian maternity services, (e.g. rural women tended to be more dissatisfied with information received in relation to maternal emotional and physical health). Overall, women wished they had been more informed about breastfeeding and settling techniques, while a lack of information relating to social support initiatives for the postnatal period was also indicated. Women reported that they were missing educational and practical reinforcement of mothercraft skills.Conclusions
There is a need for a reorientation of perinatal health service education. A health promotion approach is suggested as it extends beyond the physical recovery from birth to encompass psychosocial factors; including perinatal morbidities that can disrupt the quality and experience of the transition to parenthood. 相似文献34.
加强党的执政能力建设努力化解新时期人民内部矛盾 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王娟 《山西高等学校社会科学学报》2005,17(9):1-3
加强党的执政能力建设和正确处理新时期人民内部矛盾这两大重要课题之间有着相辅相成、相互促进的关系。因此,通过提高党驾驭市场经济的能力、发展社会主义民主政治的能力,建设社会主义先进文化和构建社会主义和谐社会的能力等具体途径,才能去化解新时期的人民内部矛盾。 相似文献
35.
转轨时期国有经济退出路径的变迁--由体制内主动退出到体制外被动退出 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
国有经济的退出路径有两条体制内的主动退出和体制外的被动退出.在转轨时期,国有经济体制内的主动退出面临着重重的壁垒,相对于体制内的主动退出而言,体制外的被动退出是一条最优的路径.体制外被动退出是由国有经济目标函数变化内生决定的,是渐进式改革的必然结果. 相似文献
36.
舆情变动规律初论 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
舆情是指在一定的社会空间内,围绕中介性社会事项的发生、发展和变化,作为主体的民众对作为客体的国家管理者产生和持有的社会政治态度。因此,它的基本内容可以理解为民众在社会政治方面的群体心理活动。在本质上,舆情则是民众与政府之间利益关系的一种复杂体现。舆情的产生、变化和结束有其自身的规律性。从它的产生看,它是国家管理者“生产”或“管理”的中介性社会事项,包括各类政策、法规、制度、措施以及领袖形象和社会问题等诸多的复杂内容刺激的直接结果;从它的变化和结束看,舆情是随着刺激它产生的各类社会事项的变化和结束的情况而变动的。但是,舆情作为政治性很强的群体心理活动,它的变化和结束又有着自身复杂多变的规则和轨迹:舆情的主要持有者或主体本身的基本构成和政治素质,都会对他们的群体心理活动的具体情形产生影响;民众对过去的一个社会事项曾持有的社会政治态度,会部分地“残留”在他们对一个新的社会事项的心理反应之中。掌握舆情变动规律,对“建立社会舆情汇集和分析机制,畅通社情民意反映渠道”具有重要意义。 相似文献
37.
近代北京公园开放与公共空间的拓展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
古城北京在规划与建设中,为后人留下了灿烂的文化遗产。然而,即便在最辉煌的时代,帝都从来没有设计并提供过面向普通平民的城市公共空间。1914年,随着北京中央公园的开放,其它前清的皇家园林、坛庙相继对公众开放。皇家禁地成为公众休闲空间,完成了从御花园到大众公园的角色转换。近代公园的出现改变了北京传统的城市空间结构,是北京城市生活走向近代化的重要标识之一。 相似文献
38.
民族地区乡村经济中的主导经济行为模式至少存在四种类型。民族地区人们的经济行为大致有三种基本的动机体系。改革开放以来,有五种主要因素在改变着这些经济动机体系和行为模式,一是乡(镇)政府、具有准政府性质的村集体组织以及其他各种组织的推动、示范和劝导作用,二是体制改革的推动或压力,三是文化移入的诱导或冲击,四是内部创新行为的出现,五是特定文化传承的激活。 相似文献
39.
40.
通过对套期保值者头寸价值变化量的分析,采用动态规划方法,建立了多期套期保值动态模型,推导出多期套期保值进行动态跟踪调整的策略。该模型的特点一是反映了期货交易费用在套期保值中的作用,解决了现有期货套期保值策略忽略交易费用的不足,提高了模型的准确性。二是考虑保证金对期货套期保值的影响。把期货交易保证金的机会损失纳入套期保值策略内,从而使套期保值直接反映了期货保证金无利息收入、而存在机会成本的真实情况,弥补了现有研究不考虑期货交易保证金的机会损失的缺陷。三是体现了套期保值者收益最大化的原则。解决了现有模型只考虑了规避期货和现货组合的价格波动风险,忽略组合的收益的弊端,增加了模型的实用性和适用性。 相似文献