Vertical cost information sharing in a supply chain with value-adding retailers

We consider a supply chain consisting of one supplier and two value-adding heterogeneous retailers. Each retailer has full knowledge about his own value-added cost structure that is unknown to the supplier and the other retailer. Assuming there is no horizontal information sharing between two retailers, we model the supply chain with a three-stage game-theoretic framework. In the first stage each retailer decides if he is willing to vertically disclose his private cost information to the supplier. In the second stage, given the information he has about the retailers, the supplier announces the wholesale price to the retailers. In response to the wholesale price, in the third stage, the retailers optimize their own retail prices and the values added to the product, respectively. Under certain conditions, we prove the existence of equilibrium prices and added values. Furthermore, we obtain the condition under which both retailers are unwilling to vertically share their private information with the supplier, as well as the conditions under which both retailers have incentives to reveal their cost information to the supplier, thus leading to a win–win situation for the whole supply chain.     

试论市场经济成熟条件下商品流通渠道功能的变异

在市场经济发育和成长的不同阶段,商品流通渠道的功能将随着渠道组织结构、渠道管理水平、消费方式、渠道设施、信息技术等因素的变化而出现变异。在市场经济初级阶段,流通渠道的基本功能就是连接生产与消费,促成商品销售,实现商品价值。在市场经济的完善和成熟阶段,流通渠道将越来越多地引导生产和消费,通过商流、物流、信息流的传导与组织,挖掘和创造商品的新价值,提升原有商品的价值,从而使"渠道价值"越来越大。本文主要论述渠道功能在不同阶段的差异及表现。     

基于价格保护策略的渠道协调

针对当今产品生命周期缩短、用户需求不确定性增强、产品价值急剧下跌的市场竞争环境,分析了实现渠道协调的价格保护策略,给出了基于单次订购二阶段价格保护额度最优策略动态模型.研究表明,通过设置合理的批发价格和价格保护补偿额度,能够导致优化的零售商订购数量,并进一步证明,该策略可以优化渠道联盟的总体绩效,而且渠道成员可以达到双赢的目的,从而实现渠道协调.     

商业性小额贷款公司可持续发展的评价和影响因素

从可持续发展方面来看,一方面,我国商业性小额贷款公司贷款余额大幅增长,但对农户和小微企业的信贷服务不足;另一方面,经营绩效整体良好,但资本回报率不高。当前影响商业性小额贷款公司可持续发展的因素主要是融资渠道狭窄、金融监管有待改善、政策扶持力度不够。基于以上分析,建议拓宽小额贷款公司的融资渠道,改善金融监管,加大政策扶持力度,积极开展微型金融业务,不断提高小额贷款公司的经营管理水平。     

以福建为核心构建海峡两岸物流通道策略研究

福建在两岸关系发展中具有特殊的地位和作用,构建以福建为核心的海峡两岸物流通道,对于促进两岸人畅其行、货畅其流具有重要意义。在分析物流通道内涵的基础上,明确了以福建为核心的海峡两岸物流通道建设的目标定位,包括“对外”的海上物流通道建设和“对内”的路网及空网建设两层含义,并据此提出了实现闽台港口对接、拓展港口经济腹地、打造区域物流集散中心、开通两岸陆路运输通道以及争取政策扶持等实施策略。     

Impact of Reseller's Forecasting Accuracy on Channel Member Performance

This article studies a three‐layer supply chain where a manufacturer sells a product through a reseller who then relies on its own salesperson to sell to the end market. The reseller has superior capability in demand forecasting relative to the manufacturer. We explore the main trade‐offs between the risk‐reduction effect and the information–asymmetry–aggravation effect of the improved forecasting accuracy. We show that under the optimal wholesale price contract, both the manufacturer and the reseller are always better off as the reseller's forecasting accuracy improves. Nevertheless, under the menu of two‐part tariffs, the manufacturer prefers the reseller to be either uninformed or perfectly informed about the market condition. We further find that the improved forecasting accuracy is beneficial for the reseller if its current forecasting system is either very poor or very good.     

Strategic Motive for Introducing Internet Channels in a Supply Chain

Rapid advances of information technology in recent years have enabled both the manufacturers and the retailers to operate their own Internet channels. In this study, we investigate the interaction between the capabilities of introducing the Internet channels, the pricing strategies, and the channel structure. We classify consumers into two segments: grocery shoppers attach a higher utility from purchasing through the physical channel, whereas a priori Internet shoppers prefer purchasing online. We find that when the Internet shoppers are either highly profitable or fairly unimportant, the manufacturer prefers to facilitate the channel separation either through his own Internet channel or the retailer's. In the intermediate region, however, the manufacturer encroaches the grocery shoppers and steals the demand from the retailer's physical channel. With horizontal competition between retailers, a priori symmetric retailers may adopt different channel strategies as a stable market equilibrium. The manufacturer may willingly give up his Internet channel and leverage on the retailer competition. When the manufacturer sells through an online e‐tailer, Internet shoppers may be induced to purchase through the physical channel. This reverse encroachment strategy emerges because selling through the e‐tailer leads to a more severe double marginalization problem.     

Strategic Information Sharing in Competing Channels

We investigate strategic information sharing in two competing channels. The retailer in a channel can ex post decide whether to share private demand information with his upstream manufacturer after the content of information becomes known. We find that a retailer discloses low demand and withholds high demand to induce lower wholesale prices from his manufacturer. We show that a retailer should share less information when the retail market becomes more competitive, but should disclose more information when his capability to acquire information improves. When a decentralized supply chain competes with an integrated channel, we show that firms in the supply chain benefit from the rival channel's effort to improve information capability, that the incentive for the retailer in the supply chain to improve his information capability increases with the intensity of competition and with the rival channel's information capability, and that the retailer may not want to pursue perfect information acquisition even when doing so is costless. Extensive numerical studies demonstrate that similar results also hold for two decentralized supply chains competing with each other.     

汽车行业渠道激励、满意、绩效关系的实证研究

在文献研究的基础上构建了渠道激励-渠道满意-渠道绩效关系模型,并以146家汽车经销商为实证样本,采用因子分析、回归分析检验了模型的假设关系.研究发现:渠道激励不能直接影响渠道绩效,但可以通过渠道满意而间接影响渠道绩效;渠道满意既直接影响渠道绩效,也是渠道激励和渠道绩效发挥作用的中间环节.     

汽车市场中租赁渠道对传统零售渠道的影响

在零售与租赁混合渠道供应链中,占主导地位的单个汽车制造商向单个零售商和单个租赁商分别销售产品,然后零售商在零售市场销售产品,租赁商在租赁市场出租产品。在两周期设置下根据制造商是否向租赁商提供回购合同,将渠道结构划分为独立式、冲突式和回购式三类,并分析了租赁渠道对传统零售渠道的影响以及对制造商的启示。