Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

Finding common ground: how superdiversity is unsettling social work education

For social work education in the Netherlands, the rapid transition towards superdiversity means that its capacity to adapt to this new reality and to adjust to diverse students’ backgrounds is fiercely challenged. The key aim of this article is to discuss how social work educators are dealing with the unsettling challenges of increasing diversity, based on the research outcomes of an explorative study amongst Turkish–Dutch and Moroccan–Dutch female professionals. Two different groups of educators were asked to comment on the outcomes of this study. One of the dilemmas for educators is to determine what can be considered supportive and inclusive and as reducing inequality in education. The authors used two key theoretical concepts, ‘superdiversity’ and ‘the capability approach’. These theoretical perspectives were used to deconstruct the rather massive concepts of diversity and social justice, by emphasising contextual approaches. Both perspectives stress the urgent need to involve students as ‘active agents of change’, by building a social work community to stimulate and facilitate an on-going dialogue. To successfully fulfil a pivotal role in the upward mobility or emancipation of ethnic minority students, social work education needs to be adjusted to accommodate diverse student groups.     

漫谈莎士比亚作品的语言特色

文章以莎士比亚作品的语言特色为出发点,结合伊丽莎白时代的特征和英语发展的历史背景,加以案例分析,揭示莎翁作品的语言在遣词、结构以及修辞手法方面的特别之处,并与现代英语的用法进行比较,从而对其在英语的使用和后世文学发展中的影响进行归纳,也为进一步研究莎翁作品提供语言特色上的参考.     

接受视域下的彝语诗学与汉语诗学比较

读者接受理论认为,文学的历史应是作家、作品和读者之间的关系史,是文学被读者接受的历史,同时也是作品再生产的 过程,是历代读者对文本的理解、认识、反应和评价的历史。对汉语诗学与彝语诗学的接受特征进行考察并比较,涉及二者在 接受主体、接受场域（环境）、接受（传播）过程与方式等方面的情况。     

中国城镇居民功能不平等计量分析——基于阿马蒂亚·森的能力方法

以阿马蒂亚.森的能力方法为基础,利用问卷调查获得的数据对我国城镇居民功能不平等进行测算的计量结果表明,我国城镇居民功能不平等程度远低于收入分配不平等程度。从城镇居民功能不平等计量结果来看,目前我国社会相对稳定,但局面不容乐观,社会不稳定因素仍然存在。当前我们要关注收入分配不平等,也要关注人们在住房、休闲、人际关系、健康、工作满意度等功能分配方面的不平等。     

论中国特色社会主义理论体系的解释力

当代中国,中国特色社会主义理论体系最具解释力。30多年来,中国特色社会主义理论体系以其强大的解释力解疑释惑、解悟释难,创造性地探索和回答了什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义,什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义,建设什么样的党、怎样建设党,实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大理论和实践问题。     

论我国古代教学研究的五大特点

教学研究是学校教育的产物,随着学校教育的发展而发展。我国古代教学研究的发展具有五大特点：教学研究成果的表现形式——从无文字记载到有文字记载;教学研究的取径——借鉴前人的教学经验;教学研究的目的——注重实用性;教学研究的方法——主要是经验总结法;教学研究的方式——从封闭式逐渐趋于开放式。我国古代的教学研究,属于“经验——摸索”型的教学研究。     

关于思想路线的新思考——解读《中国特色社会主义理论体系学习读本》

《中国特色社会主义理论体系学习读本》对中国特色社会主义的思想路线作了明确的界说,其中包含着关于思想路线及其地位、作用和内涵的新解读。思想路线的提出和发展,经历了一个从毛泽东同志观点到邓小平理论、"三个代表"重要思想、科学发展观再到中国特色社会主义理论体系观点的历史演化过程。中国特色社会主义思想路线的基本前提是一切从实际出发;其首要保障是解放思想;其实现路径是理论联系实际,并在实践中检验真理;其理论目标是实事求是,在实践中发展真理;其科学品质是与时俱进;其实践要求是求真务实。     

知识经济时代的新产业革命

在概括知识经济时代特征的基础上 ,重点分析了由知识经济引发的产业结构演变和发展的新趋向 ,指出知识的产业化和产业的知识化将是知识经济时代产业结构演变的主要特征。认为今后经济增长的主要推动力将来源于知识产业这一“主发动机” ,而经知识化改造的第一、二产业则将作为承重的“底盘”     

中学生自我概念的发展特征调查研究

目的：研究中学生自我概念,对于提高中学生的自我概念水平、完善自我、促进中学生心理健康具有重要意义。方法：本研究采用田纳西自我概念问卷对950名中学生进行测试,探讨中学生自我概念的发展特征。结果：（1）中学生的自我概念总体来讲是积极的;（2）中学生的自我概念呈现出差异性的特点,表现为：中学女生较男生具有更积极的自我概念;城市学生比农村学生拥有更积极的自我概念;重点中学学生的自我概念总体水平显著高于非重点中学学生。（3）中学生的自我概念发展具有阶段性,呈现出不规则的U型趋势。（4）中学生自我概念发展受多种因素共同影响。研究结果也提示我们家庭、学校和社会相关部门应联合起来,促进对中学生形成积极的自我概念,尤其应重视对初二年级、农村中学生、非重点中学生加强心理健康辅导。