Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

藏族网民对网络文化的使用习惯、特点与认同研究

藏族网民对数字图片、视频、歌曲、影视、游戏和小说等网络文化的喜好使得他们形成了网络文化的使用习惯、特点以及强烈的网络文化认同感.藏族网民在网络文化载体手机化趋势和网络文化消费娱乐化倾向与其他民族的网民保持着一致性.但在网络文化认同上则表现为更加喜欢选择藏族网络文化产品;更加积极参与到对涉藏网络文化传播内容、方式的肯定、批评和建议中;更加倾向于由藏人自己主导、创作的网络文化作品;强烈希望涉藏网络文化创作和传播过程中对藏族文化习俗的理解和尊重.网络为藏族文化的传播和保护带来了新的机遇,更重要的是在藏族网民心中逐步建立起了网络文化认同.     

主导与依附并存——凉山彝族父系制社会中的母系文化特征研究

凉山彝族受祖先信仰观念影响,不仅强调世俗与神圣层面的性别角色分层,还重视阴阳两界的性别地位差异.本文梳理、诠释彝族女性主导日常生活、享有特殊权限和专有性别教材,以及女性灵魂的依附形式、归属转移、葬礼实质等文化事项,呈现了在世俗生活的日常事务领域,女性主导的日常杂事具有相对随便、量大琐碎和可以改变的性质,而在神圣生活层面的属灵事务领域她们依附父系或夫系的男性事务领域却往往具有超自然、异乎寻常、牢不可破、秩序功能、永恒特质和与祖界家园发生联系的特质.彝族父系制社会中的两性关系始终表现为主导与依附并存态势,唯具体内容、数量、程度等存有差异.     

Reciprocal relationships between psychosocial work characteristics and sleep problems: A two-wave study

Sleep problems are common and impair the health and productivity of employees. Work characteristics constitute one possible cause of sleep problems, and sleeping poorly might influence wellbeing and performance at work. This study examines the reciprocal associations between sleep problems and psychosocial work characteristics. The participants were 1744 full-time employed individuals (56% women; mean age 38 years in 2007) from the Young Finns study who responded to questionnaires on work characteristics (conceptualised by the demand–control model and effort–reward imbalance model) and sleep problems (Jenkins Sleep Scale) in 2007 and 2012. Cross-lagged structural equation models are used to examine the associations. The results show that low control and low rewards at baseline predicted sleep problems. Baseline sleep problems predicted higher effort, higher effort–reward imbalance, and lower reward. Sleep problems also predicted lower odds for belonging to the low (rather than high) job strain group and active jobs group. The association between work characteristics and sleep problems appears to be reciprocal, with a stressful work environment increasing sleep problems, and sleep problems influencing future work characteristics. The results emphasise the importance of interventions aimed at both enhancing sleep quality and reducing psychosocial risks at work.     

黑龙江赫哲族传统体育状况与特点的研究

本文采用了文献资料法、实地考察法、综合分析等研究方法对黑龙江省赫哲族传统体育的状况和特点进行了研究,赫哲族传统体育活动内容丰富,形式多样,活泼健康,具有实用性、地域性、经济性等特点,对提高人们生活质量,增强体质,推动我国民族传统体育的发展有非常积极的意义。     

论构建社会主义和谐社会的理论贡献

社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性,是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的保障。构建社会主义和谐社会,是我们党对马克思主义关于社会主义建设理论的丰富和发展;是对中国特色社会主义本质认识的深化;实现了社会主义现代化建设总体布局的新飞跃;丰富了中国社会主义现代化建设目标的思想。总之,构建社会主义和谐社会,是对中国特色社会主义理论的重要贡献。     

列宁的新经济政策与中国特色社会主义

列宁立足苏联国情,总结“战时共产主义政策”经验,初步探索了适合经济文化落后的国家建设社会主义的道路,提出了“新经济政策”。新经济政策的主要内容,包括用粮食税代替余粮收集制、发展国家资本主义、允许自由贸易、鼓励共产党员向资产阶级专家学习等。新经济政策不仅是邓小平改革开放理论的思想渊源,同时对今天我们处理“三农问题”也有重要启示意义。     

中国宗教文化的特征及其生成原因

中西方宗教存在着重大的差别,而这种差别的根源就在于中国独特的历史国情和文化传统。宗教文化对于中华文明的发展有着广泛的渗透和持续的影响。中国宗教文化所具有的独特性其根源就在于中国传统的思维方式、文化背景及政治经济结构。     

论小学英语师资愉快教育理念的培养

自“快乐教育”的理念提出后,受到了各国教育界的广泛关注,我国也提出了要从应试教育向素质教育转变的发展战略;随着经济的全球化,教育也要面向国际化。教育部规定,把小学开设英语课程作为21世纪基础教育课程改革的重要内容,教师只有对小学生的特征,小学生英语教学的特征和规律有清楚的认识,树立愉快教育的理念,才能保证这一目标的更好实现。     

论改革开放与中国特色社会主义理论体系的关系

三十年改革开放实践进程与中国特色社会主义理论体系相辅相承,实践和理论相互提升,不断发展。改革开放实践推动着中国特色社会主义理论体系不断发展、完善,中国特色社会主义理论体系的形成、发展和不断创新,为我国改革开放的进行提供了有力的科学指导和理论支撑,推动了我国改革开放实践进程的不断深入发展。只有坚持不懈地推进改革开放,才能发展和完善中国特色社会主义理论体系,同时,也只有坚持好发展好中国特色社会主义理论体系．才能更好地推进改革开放的进一步发展。