Predicting Whistle Blowing: A Theory of Reasoned Action Approach

Fishbein and Ajzen's Reasoned Action model was used to predict intention to blow the whistle. Accounting students attending an Israeli university and accountant practitioners were used as the subjects for the study. It was hypothesized that attitudes and social norms would directly explain intention, while professional obligation, locus of control and professional socialization would modify the criterion variable through attitudes and social norms. Findings showed that social norms directly influenced intent to blow the whistle among both samples, as hypothesized. However, locus of control and professional socialization also directly influenced intent, rather than modifying the criterion variable. Suggestions for further research are included.     

四川盆地西北部蕈菌资源

1986年以来在四川盆地西北部采集到205种草菌,其中包括省内新记录种60种,国内新记录种4种。根据G.C.Ainsworth等(1973)的分类系统分类并命名。所有标本保藏在四川锦阳农业专科学校真菌标本室。     

关于Ismail-May算子线性组合的同时逼近

本文推广了的结果,主要研究了一类Ismail-May算子线性组合的同时逼近问题,在一致通近意义下,给出了逼近的正定理、逆定理及非最优逼近阶的特征刻划.     

隆线溞(Daphnia carinata king)的呼吸代谢测定

本文用Winkler法测定隆线溞(Caphnia carinata king)不同龄期个体的耗氧量及二幼龄个体在不同温度下的耗氧量。测得幼龄与成龄两阶段,其耗氧量分别以4.88×10~(-2)与1.695×10~(-1)的速率随体重增加而增大,耗氧率则分别随体重的增加而逐渐降低;在常温下,隆线溞耗氧量Y与温度X呈Y=3.69×10~(-3)×1.07~x的指数函数关系,由此得到,17℃—19℃是隆线搔生长速率快而耗氧量较小的最适人工培养温度。     

民族互嵌式社区治理共同体的系统审视与建构路径——以云南省洱源县郑家庄为考察中心

社会治理共同体视域下推进我国民族互嵌式社区治理共同体建设,既是促进各民族相互嵌入的基本着力点,也是落实民族工作“重在基层”的重要体现。本文通过对郑家庄典型社区进行调查研究,将民族互嵌式社区的系统建构与社会治理共同体建设相结合、相融通,见微知著,研究和探讨多民族社区治理的普遍规律,在共同体叙事中探寻我国民族互嵌式社区治理共同体建构的内在机理与框架体系。郑家庄通过系统推进“居住互嵌、组织互嵌、经济互嵌、文化互嵌与心理互嵌”,探索建构民族互嵌式社区生活共同体、组织共同体、经济共同体、文化共同体与情感共同体,为多民族社区实现“建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体”目标提供了实践样本。     

Search for optimal designs in a three stagenested random model

In this paper we define a class of unbalanced designs, denoted by C_k,s,t, for estimating the components of variance in a k-stage nested random effects linear model. This class contains many of the designs proposed in the literature for nested components of variance models. We focus on the three-state model and discuss the determination of locally optimal designs within this class using a systematic computer search. For large sample sizes we show that approximate optimal designs may be obtained using a limit argument combined with numerical optimization. A comparison of our designs with previously published designs suggests that, in many cases, our designs result in substantial gains in efficiency.     

Assessing Effects on Long-term Survival after Early Termination of Randomized Trials

In this paper we present an approach to using historical control data to augment information from a randomized controlled clinical trial, when it is not possible to continue the control regimen to obtain the most reliable and valid assessment of long term treatment effects. Using an adjustment procedure to the historical control data, we investigate a method of estimating the long term survival function for the clinical trial control group and for evaluating the long term treatment effect. The suggested method is simple to interpret, and particularly motivated in clinical trial settings when ethical considerations preclude the long term follow-up of placebo controls. A simulation study reveals that the bias in parameter estimates that arises in the setting of group sequential monitoring will be attenuated when long term historical control information is used in the proposed manner. Data from the first and second National Wilms' Tumor studies are used to illustrate the method.     

The zero-inflated Poisson model and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index in dental epidemiology

For frequency counts, the situation of extra zeros often arises in biomedical applications. This is demonstrated with count data from a dental epidemiological study in Belo Horizonte (the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study) which evaluated various programmes for reducing caries. Extra zeros, however, violate the variance–mean relationship of the Poisson error structure. This extra-Poisson variation can easily be explained by a special mixture model, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. On the basis of the ZIP model, a graphical device is presented which not only summarizes the mixing distribution but also provides visual information about the overall mean. This device can be exploited to evaluate and compare various groups. Ways are discussed to include covariates and to develop an extension of the conventional Poisson regression. Finally, a method to evaluate intervention effects on the basis of the ZIP regression model is described and applied to the data of the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study.     

Homogeneity of Two Straight Lines: Equivalence Approach Using Fitted Regressions

The paper examines the homogeneity of a pair of straight lines, regarded as the expected values of two different linear regressions, from an equivalence point of view. This seems more appropriate than the usual testing of the null hypothesis of homogeneity when the aim is to establish that the lines are close to homogeneous. Upper confidence bounds on the maximum difference between the lines are based on the usual least squares regression estimators, assuming normal distributions. These bounds are constructed for fixed points, or over a fixed interval, and it is concluded that the lines are 1-homogeneous if the bounds are not greater than 1: Also, intervals are constructed over which the lines are concluded to be 1-homogeneous.     

A Characterization of the Normal Family of Distributions Based on the Bias of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator

This paper characterizes the family of Normal distributions within the class of exponential families of distributions, via the structure of the bias of the maximum likelihood estimator Θ _n of the canonical parameter Θ . More specifically, when E _θ ( Θ n ) – Θ = (1/ n ) Q ( Θ ) + o (1/ n ), the equality Q ( Θ ) = 0 proves to be a property of the Normal distribution only. The same conclusion is obtained for the one-dimensional case bt assuming that Q ( Θ ) is a polynomial of Θ .