论公益捐赠行为的法律性质

公益捐赠行为属于捐助行为之一种,它在我国的社会生活中发挥了越来越重要的作用.公益捐赠合同除作为其合同主体的捐赠人和受赠人外,还涉及受益人这一公益捐赠合同关系人.同时,合同客体和内容的特殊性反映了这类行为的社会公益性目的.公益捐赠行为的法律涵义决定了它与信托、第三人利益契约和代理法律关系存在着明显差异.通过对此比较分析,可以确定公益捐赠是一种附义务的赠与合同.     

第三次分配中慈善捐赠的经验性探讨

国外慈善捐赠看似微不足道,却对于西方社会的稳态定型起到巨大的作用.文章分析了国内慈善捐赠中所存在的问题,针对社会转型期的中国实际,提出了一些关于加强第三领域管理的建设性意见和引领性举措.     

Righting anachronistic exclusions: The ethics of blood donation by men who have sex with men

ABSTRACT

Recently, the FDA announced that it would soon lift the long-standing lifetime ban on blood donation by men who have sex with men (MSM). Reexamining blood donation by MSM, it is clear that there are several ethical goods that must be balanced. Through balancing the primary duty to safety with the imperatives to craft a policy that is formally equal, upholds the public's trust, and is nondiscriminatory, an ethical blood donation deferral guideline may be advanced, both for MSM and the population at large.     

Adolescents Conceived through Donor Insemination in Mother‐Headed Families: A Qualitative Study of Motivations and Experiences of Contacting and Meeting Same‐donor Offspring

This study interviewed adolescents conceived using sperm donation to examine their experiences of contacting and meeting ‘same‐donor offspring’ (i.e. donor‐conceived offspring raised in different families who share the same donor), their motivations for this contact, and how they make meaning of these relationships. This in‐depth qualitative study involved semi‐structured interviews with 23 young people aged 12–19 years (mean = 14 years). Interviewees were motivated by curiosity about their biological relations and by wanting to extend their family. Contact with same‐donor offspring was described as being either normal/neutral or as a unique experience that was integrated into their identity. This study highlights the importance of contact between same donor offspring, particularly during adolescence, a developmental stage associated with identity formation. The findings have important policy implications as they suggest that donor‐conceived individuals may benefit from contact with others conceived using the same donor prior to the age of 18 years.     

医务工作者､患者及家属对器官捐献的认知､态度及意愿

为了解医务工作者?患者及家属对于器官捐献认知?态度?意愿的差异,并探讨影响器官捐献意愿的独立因素,采用自制问卷对2017年12月—2018年2月南京医科大学第一附属医院肝胆中心241名住院患者(家属)和202名医务工作者进行调查?医务工作者对器官捐献的认知显著高于患者群体(P < 0.001),而两组人群对器官捐献的态度?愿意身后捐献器官差异均不显著(P=0.17,P=0.44)?Logistic回归显示,促成身后捐献器官的因素包括年龄≤35岁,认为器官捐献是高尚的事情,以及对器官捐献持赞同态度?建议将器官捐献相关知识纳入医学教育课程,提高医务人员的捐献意愿,进而影响社会民众,促进我国器官捐献事业的发展?     

论《慈善法》的理解与完善建议

为了深入贯彻落实新通过的《慈善法》,有必要全面、深入理解其内容,澄清模糊认识,完善缺陷和不足.针对《慈善法》在慈善含义、慈善信托、慈善信息公开、慈善服务、慈善组织投资、慈善税收、国际慈善等方面存在的问题,在适当的时机应当对《慈善法》予以修订或通过司法解释、实施细则等加以完善,使慈善法形成一个完整、有序、严谨、可行的法律体系.     

移动短消息业务在献血服务中的应用

移动短消息业务是人们普遍采用的一种通讯方式。本文介绍了移动短消息发送系统的构建方法和工作原理,以及在献血服务中的应用。     

Modelling the role of anticipated emotions in blood donor behaviour: A cross-sectional study

For blood transfusion centres, studying anticipated emotions (AEs) related to blood donation is essential, since these variables influence donation decision. For this reason, this work addresses the need to identify the antecedents and consequences of AEs, which will help explain their origin and their role in donation behaviour. Our purpose is to make further progress with the application of the AE framework in a non-profit context, by analysing how AEs are generated and how they influence decision-making. This study aims to design and validate an explanatory model of donation intention, where motivations and attitude towards donation are direct antecedents of AEs, while AEs, motivations and attitude towards donation act as direct antecedents of intention. Moreover, it has been also considered how the type of donor influences the proposed model as a moderating factor. The final sample is comprised of 35,982 active donors, inactive donors and non-donors. Data was obtained through an online questionnaire, with the collaboration of 14 of the 17 Spanish blood transfusion centres, as well as some universities. Results indicate that (1) AEs, motivations and attitude towards donation are direct antecedents of donation intention, (2) motivations and attitude towards donation are direct antecedents of AEs, and (3) donation experience moderates the relationships between motivations, attitude towards donation, AEs, and donation intention. These results indicate several operational implications that will enable blood transfusion centres to better design and target donation promotion campaigns according to type of donor. Furthermore, the results will let centres assess whether placing value on donation motivation and attitude towards donation can bolster positive AEs, diminish negative AEs and have a direct effect on donation intention.     

近代商人兴学与当代民办教育

我国近代教育的发展得到爱国商人的大力支持,19世纪末20世纪初中国出现了大规模的商人捐资助学现象。图存救亡时代思想的感召、造福桑梓故乡情结的升华和政府褒奖措施的激励是他们捐资教育的主要原因。近代商人兴学给我国当代民办教育以重要启示,即要确立民办教育是公益性与产业性辩证统一的思想,摒弃专以营利为目的片面思想;加强民办学校自身建设,确立全新的人才培养目标;加大对民办教育的扶持力度,积极推进民办教育发展。     

慈善捐赠与高校发展

慈善捐赠的收入再分配作用促进了社会利益的整合,慈善组织的发展增强了公民意识和社会自治。高等教育中的慈善捐赠直接增加了学生资助,提高了入学机会的平等性,促进了高校的发展。同时,由于社会参与高校治理而使得高校自治成为可能。