SARS危机中慈善捐赠的特点与动机探析

SARS危机期间的慈善捐赠是继我国1998年抗洪赈灾捐赠以来最大的一次集中型捐赠活动。非常时期的慈善捐赠与以往的捐赠相比具有不同的特点和形态,政府在慈善捐赠规范化与组织协调方面具有十分突出的作用,慈善捐赠的动机表现为多样化和复杂化。以SARS事件为案例,可以看出公共危机中慈善捐赠的特点与动机。     

1927—1937年京津地区国家政权与民间慈善组织的互动关系

近代以来,民间慈善组织在社会慈善与救助事业的建立与发展方面,一直扮演着举足轻重的角色。1927年南京国民政府建立之后,国家权力对民间慈善组织在人事任免、日常事务管理、资产支配等方面都表现出日益强烈的干预态势,使民间慈善组织的自主性和积极性受到了极大压抑,出现了所谓的＂国进民退＂局面。在此过程中,国家通过对社会慈善救助资源的整合,也加速了社会保障法制化的建设进程。     

论中国古代司法理念的变迁——对司法人性化的历史考察

中国古代法律制度中的恤刑、慎刑和恤狱的司法原则彰显了人性化的因素和理念．古代人性化司法理念的变迁历经了萌芽、发展和近代转型三个阶段,其渐变有其深刻的社会动因。人性化的司法理念体现了古代对人的生命的关注和人权的保护,促进了古代司法的文明与进步,它为现代司法人性化制度的构建提供了宝贵的价值取向和不可缺失的法律文化渊源。     

Toward an Optimal Asset Allocation for Charitable Remainder Trusts

Economic theory, relevant research, and a Monte Carlo model are used to develop investment guidelines for charitable remainder unitrusts (CRUTs). Investment for CRUTs should involve a significant share of equities, with as much as 70 percent allocated to equities for long‐term CRUTs. Adjusting allocations as payout beneficiaries get older is unnecessary given the nature of CRUTs, donors, and simulated outcomes. The authors propose that a fixed asset allocation be used instead of one that changes over time and that CRUTs with higher payouts should use a more aggressive asset allocation (more equities).     

‘I Was Quite Amazed’: Donor Conception and Parent–Child Relationships from the Child's Perspective

Donor conception and parent–child relationships were explored from the child's perspective. At ages 7 and 10, interview data were obtained from children in 31 donor insemination, 28 egg donation and 51 natural conception families. Children were also administered the MacArthur Story Stem Battery and a family map. Children in all family types reported close and affectionate relationships with their parents, irrespective of the lack of a genetic link between the parent and the child. Of those children who were aware of their donor conception at age 10, most demonstrated an understanding of, and had positive feelings about their donor conception.     

Surrogacy: The experience of Greek commissioning women

BackgroundAvailable studies on surrogacy are extremely limited. Findings suggest that surrogacy is experienced as problem free, with a significant number of commissioning mothers maintaining contact with the surrogates over time.AimTo explore the experiences of Greek commissioning women regarding the surrogacy arrangement and birth of a child through surrogacy.MethodsThe data of this study were collected from 7 intended mothers who had either a long history of infertility or serious health problems. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed employing content analysis.FindingsThe analysis of the women's accounts revealed three themes: (a) a shared journey, (b) the birth of a long-awaited child, and (c) the surrogacy disclosure. The surrogacy process became the women's affairs, with their partners offering backstage support. A very close bond was developed with the surrogates, characterised by daily contacts and care-giving behaviours. While this bond was abruptly discontinued after the child's birth, it was interiorised with all participants being grateful to their surrogate. The timing and content of the surrogacy disclosure to family and child(ren) were carefully chosen by participants, who avoided providing information when egg donation was involved.ConclusionFindings are reassuring for women who want to parent a child through a surrogate arrangement, and suggest that the availability of counselling services may help intended mothers to cope with disclosure issues.     

近代城市慈善组织运作机制探析——以天津市慈善组织为例

近代天津城市慈善组织的经费主要来自民间，包括地方官员以个人身份捐助的俸银，同时，也有一部分来自官方拨款和捐税收入。在人事管理方面，早期慈善组织一般采用轮值制，到后来采用董事制。在经营管理方面，清末的慈善组织有将存款存放到当商、银号生息的，有购买土地出租赚取租金的，还有购买房产地皮出租房屋的。到民国以后，大多数慈善组织的经营模式以存款取息为主。     

救灾捐赠财产的信托法律规制

汶川地震后，对庞大的社会捐赠财产的管理和分配便成为重要的法律问题。本文通过对我国公益事业捐赠法以及信托法规定的赠与制度和信托制度的比较探讨，认为利用信托制度管理和处分捐赠财产，比利用公益捐赠中的赠与制度管理和处分捐赠财产更加有利于救济灾民以及灾后重建的目的。因为依靠公益信托制度自身的受托人义务，最近似原则，宣言信托等规定，便能有效管理、使用和处分救灾捐赠财产。     

美国高校捐赠与基金会的运作及启示

捐赠收入作为美国高校办学资金的一个重要来源，对学校的发展起到十分重要的作用。本文从美国高校收入的来源入手，通过分析美国高校捐赠资金的筹措与投资、捐赠资金的管理与使用等活动，总结了美国高校捐赠与基金会运作的成功经验及对我国高校开展捐赠活动与基金会建设的一些重要启示。