A New Agenda for European Charity: Catholic Welfare and Organizational Change in France and Germany

Case study research from France and Germany reveals that Catholic welfare is revising its mission and its methods. Central points are a different approach to voluntary participation, new public relations, and a rearrangement of public-private partnerships. As a result, Catholic welfare has become activated in both countries. While the shrinking of the overall influence of Catholic charity seems inevitable, there is more creative agency, and less programming by the old stakeholders. The national paths of change, however, differ in that Caritas, defending its service approach, is confronted with a process of de-institutionalization while Secours catholique, though giving particular emphasis to voluntary action is entering into further institutionalization.     

Immigration, ethnicity and voluntary association membership in Canada: Individual and contextual effects

Using multilevel models fitted to data collected by Statistics Canada and the Canadian Census, this paper assesses the individual and contextual influences of immigration and ethnicity on voluntary association membership. Our analysis is unique in two ways: (1) we explore the effects of both immigrant status and ethnicity at the individual level, and (2) we assess the role of both the immigrant population and the visible minority population at the community level. Our results demonstrate that the probability of holding an association membership increases as the time since immigration passes. We also find ethnic differences in the probability of membership, though these differences have little to do with visible minority group status. On the other hand, the contextual effects of immigration and visible minorities stand in contrast to these individual-level effects. More specifically, the probability of membership tends to be largest in communities with many immigrants but smallest in communities with many visible minorities. Consistent with Putnam's constrict thesis, these contextual effects operate in a similar manner for immigrants and native born citizens. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings.     

以诗译诗 形神兼备

诗歌翻译是难度最高的翻译,关键问题在于译文能在多大程度上再现原诗的形式和神韵。要再现诗歌内容和形式的统一,要再现诗歌的音韵之美,诗歌的译者必须具备诗人的素质。     

试论高校社团建设与大学生就业能力培养

近年来,大学生就业问题尤为凸显,而纵观就业问题,我们发现就业能力的强与弱才是能否顺利就业的关键点。笔者认为,只有加强高校社团建设,给高校学生提供一个自我施展、自我锻炼、自我学习的平台,这样才会提高大学生的就业能力,提升高校学生的就业率。     

论行业自律的作用及其实现条件

行业自律作用的有效发挥,依赖于一定的内部和外部条件：行业成员的共同利益是行业自律合法建立的内在基础,自律收益构成了行业自律有效发挥作用的内在动机,行业组织的合法性基础是实现行业自律的基本前提,良好的内部治理结构是行业自律有效实施的结构性要求,政府监管和制裁的威胁是行业自律得以建立的外部前提,来自社会的压力是促进行业自律有效发挥作用的催化剂。在中国,充分发挥行业自律的作用,必须使行业内成员认识到“行业公地”的存在,增强其自律动力并赋予行业组织合法的地位与权力,形成良好的内部治理结构,加强政府外部监管与制裁,充分发挥NGO等社会力量的作用,并控制影响其作用发挥的障碍性因素。     

税收减免对公司慈善捐赠行为的影响

慈善事业作为社会保障体系的重要组成部分,是继工资、福利和社会保障之后的“第三次社会大分配”。近年来,我国的慈善事业获得了一定的发展,但与当代社会对慈善事业的要求仍存有相当差距。税收作为政府宏观调控的杠杆,对慈善事业的发展有着重要影响。而现阶段我国慈善事业的发展水平较低,税收对公司捐赠收益一成本和捐赠选择的影响为公司做出捐赠决定提供了参考,期望通过完善慈善捐赠的税收优惠政策来为慈善事业的发展创造良好的外部环境,引导鼓励企业的慈善捐赠行为,充分发挥慈善组织在公共领域弥补市场失灵和政府失效的作用。     

The interplay between post-crisis response strategy and pre-crisis corporate associations in the context of CSR crises

How should a company respond to a crisis that is related to its social responsibility by capitalizing on consumers’ existing corporate associations? To answer this question, the present study focuses on two primary types of corporate associations, corporate ability (CA) associations and corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations, and proposes two different types of response strategies that are association-based: CA strategy and CSR strategy. Drawing on the framework of CA-CSR, Expectancy Violation Theory, and information processing literature, this study examines whether and how these crisis response strategies interact with consumers’ pre-crisis associations and collectively influence consumer reactions in times of CSR crises. Results of two experiments render support for the predicted interaction effect. Furthermore, the results show that crisis response diagnosticity and novelty, as perceived by consumers with varied pre-crisis associations, serve as the underlying process explanations that drive the observed interaction effect. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of these results to crisis communication are also discussed.     

What older adolescents expect from physical activity: Implicit cognitions regarding health and appearance outcomes

Objective: To explore older adolescents' reflective and impulsive thoughts about health- and social/appearance-related physical activity (PA) outcomes and investigate how those thoughts relate to their PA behavior. Participants: One hundred and forty-four undergraduate students (109 women; 35 men) aged 17–19 years (M = 18.11, SD = 0.65) participated in this study in October 2015. Methods: Participants completed a Go/No-go Association Task that assessed automaticity of associations between PA words and either health outcomes or social/appearance outcomes. Questionnaires assessing PA behavior, attitudes, outcome expectations, and body image were also completed. Results: Participants demonstrated a positive automatic association between PA and social/appearance outcomes, F(1, 136) = 4.403, p < .05, η² = .031, but they showed no difference in their associations between PA and desirable or undesirable health outcomes, F(1, 136) = 2.405, p = .123, η² = .017. Conclusions: Older adolescents implicitly attend to the social/appearance outcomes of PA more than potential health outcomes, indicating that social recognition and a desirable physique may be the key PA motivators for adolescents.     

Threats,chances and opportunities: social capital in Europe in times of social and economic hardship

The 2008 financial and economic crisis, characterized by an economic breakdown unparalleled since the Great Depression, provides a unique opportunity to study the relationships between economic developments and social capital by asking: How does social capital change in times of social and economic hardship? In order to explore the trends of social capital development, data from the European Social Survey 2002–2016 are used. The results suggest that economic decline – particularly increasing unemployment – is associated with a decline in social capital, especially in southern European countries. Furthermore, increasing long-term interest rates as an indicator of government future debt sustainability appear to be detrimental for social capital development. The impact of economic decline, however, appears to be contingent upon the functioning of state institutions: especially in countries characterized by well-functioning governments social capital is significantly less affected by economic decline than other countries.     

The Cyber Worlds of Self‐Injurers: Deviant Communities,Relationships, and Selves

We explore how self‐injurers, a group of deviants who primarily were loners, now use the Internet to form subcultural and collegial relations. Drawing on virtual participant‐observation in cyber self‐injury groups, over eighty face‐to‐face and telephone in‐depth interviews, and over ten thousand e‐mail postings to groups and bulletin boards, we describe and analyze the online subcultures of self‐injurers. Via the Web, they have become cyber “colleagues,” simultaneously enacting two deviant organizational forms and challenging the idea that deviant loners can exist in a cyber society. We further analyze these individuals and their interactions to compare and contrast the venues that they use, the communities and relationships that they form, and their relation to real life. We contribute to symbolic interactionism through our social constructionist stance toward the creation of virtual communities and relationships, our focus on identity and stigma, our view of social organization as grounded in the panoply of human interpersonal relationships, our contrast of the competing reality claims posed by virtual as opposed to the solid world, and our discussion of the modern versus postmodern self.