论《周易》“吉凶由人”的哲学意蕴

《周易》本为卜筮之书,经历代儒生的改造,逐渐演变为哲理之书。之后,《周易》中的吉凶悔吝、福祸休咎,不再由神秘莫测的天命来决定,而是由人的道德行为及周围环境等主客观条件决定。《周易》中的吉凶并不是绝对的,吉和凶都是有条件的,并且不断地相互转化,吉凶最终取决于人为。“吉凶由人”是《周易》的基本哲学意蕴。     

20世纪60年代美中央情报局对中苏关系的评估--对美国情报委员会最新解密档案的分析

美国最新解密的中央情报局20世纪60年代初、中和末期撰写的中苏关系评估报告,通过不同层面,较客观地分析了此阶段中苏关系的变化情况,较为准确地判断和预测了中苏关系的走向.但是,不同体制国家文化背景上的巨大差异,对社会主义国家决策程序必要了解的不足,重视苏联动向的习惯,以及文革造成的中国国内局势的动乱,使得报告作者的理性考量也存在不少偏差,对中国方面的某些迹象缺乏敏感.     

20世纪八九十年代中国小说创作理论和创作实践的关系发展史研究

20世纪八九十年代中国小说创作理论和创作实践的关系发展大致经历了压力下的修复(1980～1984年)、发展中的分裂(1985～1989年)、沉寂中的变异(1989～1992年)、喧哗中的深化(1993～1999年)四个时期,分别代表了两者关系的起步、发展、曲折前进和深化四个阶段。这意味着创作理论和创作实践不断融合,不断成熟,不断发展,两者的关系也由此逐步回归学术本位。     

斯人独寂寥——试论古代文人人格自塑与自我排遣的统一

古来圣贤皆寂寞,深味此等寂寞,其中蕴有着一种且悲且壮且美的特质。从那里,我们可以感受到一种不哭而悲的悲凉心境,可以领略到一种庄严神圣的意境,可以欣赏到一种人格上的崇高美和艺术上的风骨美。     

创新:中国与东盟经贸合作发展的不竭动力

自从1991年中国与东盟建立对话关系以来,中国与东盟经贸合作快速发展,这得益于双方不断创新。组建自由贸易区、举办中国—东盟博览会等均是中国和东盟经贸合作的重大创新举措。尤其是双方积极合作,把新机制、新举措落在了实处,并使之转化成了实实在在的经济利益,惠及中国和东盟各国,乃至整个东亚地区。在今后双方关系发展的新阶段,我们应继续坚持创新,积极增强合作活力。作者建议:双方政府间应继续坚持平等互利、协商一致的原则,应充分发挥非政府组织的作用,企业间合作应以创新为本。坚持开拓创新,中国与东盟经贸合作的发展必将带来“双赢”的局面。     

Participation of Disabled Children and Young People in Decision Making Within Social Services Departments: A Survey of Current and Recent Activities in England

A survey of all social services departments in England was undertakenin order to identify and investigate current work concerningthe participation of disabled children within decision makingregarding their own care and in service development. Developinga culture of, and good practice in, children’s participationis integral to government policy. Results demonstrate that disabledchildren are being involved in a range of decision-making areas;however, participation is not yet embedded or sustained acrossall social services departments, and the involvement of disabledchildren at a higher strategic level is still rare. The participationof disabled children needs further development including moreevidence on which factors can support and promote disabled children’seffective participation.     

Advocacy for disabled children and young people: benefits and dilemmas

Recent policy has emphasized the need for advocacy services for children and young people, developments that have gone hand‐in‐hand with greater levels of participation of young people in decision‐making. Advocacy for disabled young people is especially important, as they are a particular vulnerable group and have, traditionally, been even more excluded from decisions about matters affecting their lives. This paper reports the findings, as they relate to disabled young people, from a study that investigated the role of advocacy for looked‐after children and children in need. The paper highlights some of the benefits of advocacy for disabled children, the dilemmas facing advocates between advocating and acting in someone's ‘best interests’, identifying the client and the boundaries between advocacy and social work. It argues that time given to establish a close relationship with a disabled child or young person is crucial if advocacy is to be effective and participation in decisions affecting their lives a reality.     

托马斯·柏励和他的"生态纪"

托马斯·柏励系当代西方著名生态思想家。本文通过阐释柏励著名的“生态纪”理论系统介绍了他的生态思想。柏励强调我们正面临地球生命系统崩溃的严峻挑战 ,而 17世纪笛卡尔以来的现代文化对此难咎其责。柏励认为 ,要走出这一危机 ,获得一种可持续的人类生存方式 ,唯有实现向“生态纪”的转变。这包括从“人类中心论”向“地球中心论”的转变 ,由“榨取经济”向“有机经济”的转变 ,由自我放纵向自我纪律的转变 ;恢复人类与大自然的内在联系 ;重塑人性 ;进行教育、文化和制度改革。作为一种正在兴起的生态观 ,柏励的“生态纪”理论提出了不少值得中国生态主义者深入思考的问题     

Using the 'Looking After Children' dimensions to collect aggregate data on well-being

The Department of Health has funded the development of a set of schedules for collating information on and monitoring the progress of children looked after by local authorities. An additional aspiration underlying official encouragement of the use of these ‘Looking After Children’ (LAC) materials was that they would provide aggregate data to feed into national and local policy and planning. Progress on this aim has been slow, in part because instruments designed to aid practice in individual cases have not adapted easily to the hoped for dual role, and in part because completion rates have been patchy and often poor. This paper describes an action research project designed to use the children's reviewing system to collect aggregate data on the LAC dimensions of well‐being. It comments on the viability of this method of aggregate data collection as well as locating the information on a cohort of 96 children in the context of other studies, and debates about whether the state can be a ‘good parent’.     

The use of analytical methods and tools in international negotiations: A practitioner's perspective

This paper presents a practitioner's perspective on the use of systematic analytical techniques to improve the practice of international negotiations, primarily in a multilateral context. A generic model of the negotiation process is presented and the utility of various analytical methodologies is evaluated against the component functions described by the model. Overall, analytical tools for negotiation support are viewed as most useful in the prenegotiation phase. Conclusions are based primarily on practical experience, not on theories of negotiation.