DECONSTRUCTING PROBATION: RISK AND DEVELOPMENTS IN PRACTICE

This article aims to explore the effects of the transition toward risk analysis in terms of the work of practitioners within the criminal justice system, particularly the probation service of England and Wales, and allied professions such as social work. The focus here will be on the impact this shift from traditional casework methods to risk assessment has had in terms of the image of the organisation, the image of the offender, and the impact on practice and interventions. It will be argued that the main effect is the deskilling of the practitioner. During this process practitioners have lost their therapeutic role oriented to the whole person and their biography. They have lost the ability to tolerate ambiguity or suspend judgment. This article will argue that they have become ‘Taylorised’ deskilled or re‐skilled in order to accommodate those competencies embodied within risk assessment applying rules and criteria laid down by centralising bureaucracy. However this new practitioner's role will be shown to be full of contradictions.     

Erratum to: Token Reinforcement of Verbal Responses Controlled by Temporally Removed Verbal Stimuli

In the present study we examined the effects of token reinforcement on the convergent control of immediate and temporally removed verbal stimuli over the verbal behavior of three school-age children with autism who showed specific deficits in intraverbal responding. Throughout the study, participants were systematically introduced to a series of visitors to a university-based autism center, and subsequently probed for information about the visitor they had most recently met. Results show that contingent token reinforcement was effective at establishing control by temporally removed verbal stimuli.     

基本结构变化对左手介质透射影响的研究

研究了基本结构移动、旋转、切割对左手介质传输特性的影响。用基于时域有限积分法CST软件仿真了左手介质棱镜的负折射现象和上述三种情况下的传输系数,比较了提取的标准和移动后左手介质的有效介质参数。计算结果表明,移动使左手透射峰峰值降低,通带带宽减小;若将组成左手介质的结构单元旋转,完整的左手透射峰将不再存在;不同方向的切割会不同程度地改变左手介质透射峰的性质。     

市场失灵与政府介入

现代市场经济中市场机制的调节 ,能够提高和优化经济资源的配置效率 ,但市场机制又不是万能的 ,市场机制的功能缺陷就称之为市场失灵。宏观调控的政府介入 ,可以消除和弱化市场失灵之负效应 ,并提高经济运行质量     

A Tale of Two Cultures: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in the Care of Older Adults with Combined Visual and Medical Disabilities

A comparison of the vision rehabilitation and medical rehabilitation systems suggests that, despite the distinct professional cultures that have evolved around them over the past 50 years, their commonalities are more notable than their differences. The older adult, who frequently develops simultaneous visual and medical disabilities, demands a greater degree of cooperation between these systems, than that required for the younger client who was the primary focus of the rehabilitation paradigm in the years following World War II. This article includes guidelines for practitioners that should help them achieve a more comprehensive approach to their elderly visually impaired clients.     

State Responses to Alcohol Use and Pregnancy: Findings From the Alcohol Policy Information System

This article describes U.S. state policies related to alcohol use during pregnancy, using data from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Policy Information System. Specifically, this study examines trends in policies enacted by states over time and types of policies enacted across states in the United States, with a focus on whether laws were supportive or punitive toward women. Findings revealed substantial variability in characteristics of policies (19 primarily supportive, 12 primarily punitive, 12 with a mixed approach, and 8 with no policies). Findings underscore the need to examine possible consequences of policies, especially of punitive policies and “mixed” approaches.     

An Evidence-Based Approach to Managing Suicidal Behavior in Patients with BPD

SUMMARY

This review will suggest an evidence-based approach to managing suicidal patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Many principles currently used in practice have little basis in empirical data. And some approaches used to manage chronic suicidality, particularly the emphasis on “safety,” may actually be counter-productive.     

园艺疗法在自闭症儿童社交障碍干预中的应用

运用各种心理治疗方法提升自闭症儿童的社会交往能力,是自闭症儿童康复的主要目标。作为一种生态化的心理治疗方法,园艺疗法近年来逐渐受到重视。综述了园艺疗法和自闭症儿童社会交往障碍的相关研究,提出可以对自闭症儿童社交障碍运用园艺疗法进行干预,并简要地分析其可行性与有效性,旨在为进一步的矫治和干预提供理论支持。同时阐述了园艺疗法在自闭症儿童干预过程中的具体应用,提出了在实施过程中要以自闭症儿童为本、注意安全、坚持整体异同、耐心负责及矫治发展等5项实施原则。     

Reflecting on attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder and disablement in education with Eric Fromm

Drawing upon the thought of Eric Fromm, this paper argues that efforts to understand and counter behaviour that causes difficulties in education should begin in a critical and reflective engagement with both the conditions of human freedom and the character of educational institutions and society as a whole. Fromm’s critique of dominating ideas about good mental health within capitalistic societies is examined in relation to disablement and attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder. A study of a sixth-form college in the south of England elucidates connections between Fromm’s insights into social psychology and disablement as a process of oppression.