孤独症谱系障碍儿童动作发展障碍研究进展

近年来,动作发展障碍已成为孤独症谱系障碍（Autism spectrum disorder,ASD）儿童的常见症状,不仅给该群体的日常生活带来困难,而且不利于其社交、语言、认知等其他功能的发展。通过梳理有关孤独症儿童动作发展障碍的研究发现,该障碍存在较大的异质性。其在孤独症婴儿期表现为动作发育里程碑延迟,在儿童和青少年期表现为姿势控制障碍、动作协调困难、步态异常和手部动作操作障碍。为更好地分析和改善动作发展障碍,未来研究可考虑对孤独症儿童的动作发展障碍及其影响因素进行系统性分析,开发针对孤独症儿童的动作发展评估工具,对该障碍进行神经科学研究并设计和实施有效易行的体育运动干预项目。     

儿童自然缺失症的现状及成因——基于河南省X市的实证分析

当今儿童日益疏远自然,以致于患了自然缺失症。河南省X市存在儿童自然缺失症的问题,如儿童户外/自然体验的时间锐减,儿童形成久坐的生活方式,儿童户外/自然体验的积极性不高,儿童博物学知识匮乏,各方对"自然缺失症"知之甚少等。儿童自然缺失症的原因是多方面的,如科技产品吸引儿童待在室内,各类恐惧症人群的到来,学校教育模式欠科学,社区和公园规划欠科学,家庭时间安排不合理,自然环境面积锐减,与"自然缺失症"相关的政策缺失等。     

《玉台新咏》编者和编纂时间再探讨

关于<玉台新咏>的编者,章培恒先生认为是陈后主妃子张丽华"撰录"、徐陵作序.徐陵<玉台新咏序>记载此书收录"往世名篇,当今巧制",但唐人所见原本<玉台新咏>于陈代只收录徐陵一人诗作;如果为张丽华所撰录,理应编于陈后主至德以后,且收入陈代几次影响较大的文会诗作.所以,此书绝不可能为张丽华编纂,当是徐陵编于梁代.<玉台新咏>的编纂与宫体的发展壮大有密切关系.宫体得名之后在梁代的发展当以大同中期为界,此前为宫体与京城各种文风融合期,此后为宫体兴盛期.李康成<玉台后集>和刘肃<大唐新语>记载<玉台新咏>编纂时间在宫体兴盛期.今本题名刘肃著的<大唐新语>虽可能为明人伪作,但其中关于<玉台新咏>编纂时间的记载与李康成说法一致,应接近历史真实.从徐陵仕历来看,<玉台新咏>当编于梁代大同六年至大同十二年.     

Importance of active listening in treating workers with musculoskeletal disorders

Abstract

Female assembly workers reporting constant neck and shoulder pain, despite ergonomically acceptable working conditions, were interviewed. As a starting point in the interviews, the patients were asked to describe their general situation at work. Their reports were fed back and discussed with company management in a wider group meeting and resulted in an improvement in their attitudes to those workers. A climate of confidence and well-being was created, which the women experienced as genuine. The workers' report of pains improved dramatically and absence due to musculoskeletal disorders was reduced by more than 90% during the following year.     

Bipolar disorder and the college student: A review and implications for universities

Abstract

Objective: This brief report provides a review of the prevalence and expression of bipolar disorder in the college student population. Implications for college teachers and universities working with students with bipolar disorder are presented. Methods: Responses from the National College Health Assessment (2009–2017) reference groups were collated to estimate whether the prevalence of students with bipolar disorder has been increasing over time. Results: Data indicate that although overall prevalence is low, the presence of students with bipolar disorder has increased over the past decade. Conclusions: To help students with serious mental illness, including bipolar disorder, succeed in higher education, practices consistent with the philosophy of supported education should be adopted. Special attention will need to be paid to students’ financial and academic challenges.     

互联网成瘾障碍与人格特征关系研究与思考

随着计算机及网络的普及，出现了一系列与网络相关的社会问题，其中研究最多的是互联网成瘾障碍。介绍了互联网成瘾障碍概念，对互联网成瘾与人格特征的关系的研究现状进行了阐述，总结了这一领域的研究成果，在此基础上对今后研究可能关注的问题提出一些思考。     

Racial Differences Between African and White Americans in the Presentation of Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is commonly thought of as a disorder of White females. Despite evidence indicating similar prevalence rates across races and genders, no study has examined the experience of BPD among ethnic minorities and how this differs from Whites. The affective and behavioral symptoms of BPD were studied in 17 African Americans and 27 White Americans with the disorder. Results indicated that African Americans experience greater affective intensity and emotional dysregulation, fewer self-harming behaviors, and more thoughts of interpersonal aggression than Whites. Differences in affective symptoms were accounted for by group differences in substance use and receipt of inpatient services, whereas differences in behavioral symptomatology persisted after adjusting for potential confounders. These findings suggest that not only is BPD not a disorder exclusive to White females, but that the experience of the disorder may differ substantially across races. Implications for future research and directions for developing culturally relevant treatments are discussed.     

基本结构变化对左手介质透射影响的研究

研究了基本结构移动、旋转、切割对左手介质传输特性的影响。用基于时域有限积分法CST软件仿真了左手介质棱镜的负折射现象和上述三种情况下的传输系数,比较了提取的标准和移动后左手介质的有效介质参数。计算结果表明,移动使左手透射峰峰值降低,通带带宽减小;若将组成左手介质的结构单元旋转,完整的左手透射峰将不再存在;不同方向的切割会不同程度地改变左手介质透射峰的性质。     

Multifamily therapy in the community mental health network: A pragmatic randomized and controlled study

Multifamily therapy (MFT) is a psychotherapeutic group intervention for patients with severe mental disorders (SMDs) and their families. The present study is a multicenter, randomized, and controlled trial that analyzes the benefit of MFT during outpatient treatment. The recruited patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 26), which received 24 MFT sessions in addition to their treatment as usual (TAU), or to the control group (n = 29), which received only TAU (individual and family sessions). Six months after the inclusion in the MFT, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in number of visits to the psychiatric emergency services, number of psychiatric admissions, and the days of admission. The need for hospital care 6 months after recruitment was also lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. These results suggest that the implementation of MFT during outpatient treatment facilitates community management of people diagnosed with mental health problems.