Attitude strength moderates adverse effects to questionnaire design

ABSTRACT

The presentation and visual design of the “don’t know” category in rating scales on respondents’ behavior may have ambivalent effects. The hypothesis is that attitude strength toward the topic influences the respondents’ sensitivity to the graphical design of the scale. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire conducted among 307 German university students contained an experimental variation of the presentation of a “don’t know” category and its visual design. A multinomial logistic regression shows that presenting a “don’t know” category drives respondents toward extreme categories. The visual design of the “don’t know” category influences the distribution of responses, all the more that the respondents’ attitudes toward the item topic are weak.     

循环式国家：转型中国的符号式劳动治理机制探析

抗争政治与国家建设之间的关系是社会运动研究中的一个经典问题。本文通过对一组国有企业退休工人为维护退休金权益所展开的十年抗争进行过程事件分析,来勾勒国家在劳动治理过程中逐步形成的官僚场域。这个官僚场域由三个相互交叉的圈子所构成：信访办圈子、信访办与法院之间的圈子、中央与地方之间的圈子。这些交叉的圈子所构成的国家场域一方面通过对抗争的制度化循环而拉长了工人的斗争时间,分散了抗争的空间,从而有效遏止了抗争的激进化,另一方面则通过抗争工人与国家代理人之间的叙事化互动促进了国家资本的激活与流通,从而实现了对抗争者的象征性支配。     

并行工程产品开发过程定量化建模与计划制订

由于现有的一些并行工程定量化模型中修改设计微循环的细节特征描述得还不够充分 ,本文提出了一种新的基于产品 -工艺设计活动对网络的定量化模型来描述并行工程产品开发过程 ,并且给出了产品 -工艺设计活动对平均持续时间与产品或工艺设计活动资源占用率的计算方法 .在此基础上 ,将并行工程产品开发过程的计划制订问题建模成一个有资源约束的项目调度问题 .与其它此类问题不同的是 ,在本文中 ,分配给产品开发项目的各类资源的数量不是事先给定的 ,而是与最优产品开发计划一起获得的 ,所以这是一个资源分配与计划制订的集成优化问题 .本文提出了一种新的基于分枝定界的算法来解决此问题并引入一个启发式规则来提高算法的搜索效率     

非正式知识网络关系强度分布与知识流动小世界

针对非正式知识网络上的知识流动小世界现象,利用多主体建模与仿真方法,基于经典WS小世界网络建立知识流动模型,研究了知识流动小世界现象的发生机理.结果表明,知识流动小世界现象的内在机理为网络宏观关系强度分布呈现指数衰减;网络知识流动效率对于网络宏观关系强度分布具有高度敏感性;网络平均关系强度均值的不同会影响网络关系强度分布的演化速度,但不影响其演化模式.     

Network influence and organizational performance: The effects of tie strength and structural equivalence

We combine theory and empirical evidence to develop and test three related claims about how ties strength and structural equivalence affect interorganizational performance similarity. First, network partners attain similar levels of performance because direct network ties facilitate information and resource sharing, and the diffusion of organizational practices. Organizations occupying similar network positions attain similar levels of performance because they face similar competitive constraints. Second, because mechanisms underlying performance similarity implied by direct network ties and similarity in network positions are different, strength of network ties and network position affect different dimensions of organizational performance. Third, we expect that tie strength will affect aspects of performance that are more likely to be influenced by processes activated by the direct contact between network partners. We expect structural equivalence to affect more strongly those aspects of organizational performance that are more directly influenced by competition. An analysis of interorganizational networks and organizational performance within a regional community of hospitals provides evidence in support of these claims. Models estimated on a sample of 8190 interorganizational dyads suggest that the effects of tie strength and structural equivalence on organizational performance are highly differentiated and contingent on specific aspects of performance. We show that these conclusions are robust with respect to a wide variety of other factors that may be responsible for performance similarity including competitive interdependence, structural homophily, and resource complementarity.     

Inverse gaussian accelerated test models based on cumulative damage

The failure of a system under environmental stress often can be described by an accelerated test model which incorporates the environmental variable L. Here, the failure of such a system at environmental level L is modeled as the first passage of accumulated damage to a critical threshold value. Assuming a discrete additive damage model leads to a Birnbaum–Saunders-type distribution for the failure time which can be closely approximated by an inverse Gaussian-type model. However, if a continuous damage model based on a Gaussian process is assumed, a more general family of inverse Gaussian accelerated test models is obtained. Three sets of failure data are discussed to illustrate the usefulness of this general family.     

国有控股与民营控股上市公司竞争力孰强孰弱——基于公司治理与管理相匹配的视角

控股股东的性质对于治理行为具有重要影响,并最终决定着上市公司的竞争优势。通过对2003-2006年3590个样本的实证分析发现由于制度约束以及上市公司自发性要求,国有控股与民营控股上市公司普遍重视潜在竞争优势的培育,尤其是董事会制度的建设,治理竞争力均有显著改善。民营控股上市公司具有较强的潜在竞争优势,但由于控制权的争夺导致了上市公司财务状况不佳。国有控股上市公司由于其垄断性地位,具有较强的财务实力。国有控股上市公司应进一步优化股权结构,而民营控股上市公司大股东则应培育理性的投资意识以及联盟意识。     

人口流动、土地流转与新农村建设

我国正处在有利的人口窗口内,在外向型经济的带动下,大量劳动力从农村流入沿海地区和城镇地区,既促进了城市化进程,也为新农村建设提供了新的契机。当前,应按照城市化不断推进和农村人口有序转移这样一个大的趋势和背景来规划、建设新农村,减少资源浪费,提高新农村建设的实效。通过将土地流转制度与户籍制度改革结合起来,促进土地逐步实现规模化经营,并建立起以常住人口为基础的地方公共财政体系,促进进入各级城镇的劳动力平稳地融入城镇公共管理体系之中,以此形成稳定的、可预期的制度安排,稳定地推进农村劳动力转移和城市化进程,保障新农村建设的健康推进。     

论列宁“问题只在于无产阶级及其先锋队的文化力量”的东方视角

列宁对问题只在于无产阶级及其先锋队的文化力量的强调带有明显的东方视野。首先,俄国等东方经济文化落后国家走向社会主义的特殊性,决定了这些国家在走向社会主义过程中必然会面临文化落后的严重制约,这种制约不仅来自于一般工农群众方面,也来自于执政党自身;其次,从东西方文明程度、文化发展程度的比较看,俄国等东方国家绝对落后于西方,此种绝对意义上的文化落后也在共产党员身上体现出来,这使得俄共(布)无论在做经济工作还是管理国家来说,都处在比较被动的地位;再次,俄共(布)文化力量不够,不仅是指一些共产党员在科学技术知识水平、受教育程度方面不够,而且也是指俄共(布)深受俄国等东方国家旧文化的消极影响。     

首都粮食系统安全保障体系研究

分析了首都粮食流通体系的现状及问题,提出了建设首都粮食流通聚集区的设想,开展了必要性分析、立地与规模需求分析,提出了建设思路、运作模式和运营重点。