Leveraging the common and outsourcing the distinct: institutional difference and multinational company identity in emerging economies

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the challenges of outsidership faced by multinational companies (MNCs) accessing emerging economies. The paper departs from popular conceptualisations of culture drawing instead on social identity theory as part of an institutions-based view, to explain how employing a singularities approach can allow the identification of commonalities of Indianness and Australianness that can be leveraged to ameliorate negative socially embedded business norms that pose a challenge to MNC success in emerging economies. This study shows that despite recognised formal (regulatory) and informal (cultural) differences, managers of Australian MNCs operating in India were able to innovatively identify and exploit cultural commonalties/singularities to ease cultural adjustment and mitigate intergroup conflict, allowing them to achieve an innovative institutional fit. The paper discusses how, using this approach, sole-venture MNCs can access many of the benefits provided by collaborative entry modes while preserving MNC identity. We further propose that the singularities approach can provide a valuable starting point to develop culturally appropriate competence training initiatives.     

Education,identity, and ideology: the Islamic movement and Moslem religious education in Israel

The Islamic Movement, which is called in Arabic Al-harakaat al-islamiyya or Al-haraka al-islamiyya, has, since its foundation in the 1970s, placed emphasis on education, especially the dissemination of the Islamic message. After the movement scored significant successes in local authority elections, its influence increased on the ideological guidelines according to which some of the Arab education system is partially or fully shaped. The article discusses the split in the movement within the State of Israel, and the differences between the southern and northern faction. It also compares Islamic education and Arab education within Israel and abroad in Europe, in countries which have large immigrant Moslem populations.

The education system that the Islamic Movement tries to develop symbolizes the complexity of the relations between it and the state authorities. They are aware that the authorities will not help in differentiation and separation and will not cease from the constant supervision of the movement's educational institutions. Therefore, their choice of a synthesis between formal and informal education or of a partition between pedagogic state education and moral study classes, is a rational, calculated choice, taking into consideration the reality of a cultural – ethnic – national minority.     

黑龙江渤海山城分布与特征

本文利用大量的实地考察成果 ,论述了黑龙江渤海山城的分布和主要特征     

《根》中黑人文化身份的嬗变与重建?

《根》是美国黑人作家亚历克斯·哈利在二十世纪七十年代出版的一部家史小说。小说在追溯家族七代黑人曲折命运的过程中,清晰折射出黑人祖先身上不同的文化身份。通过对黑人家族三个典型人物文化认同的分析来探析黑人文化身份的嬗变与重建过程,这将对文化大融合背景下的少数边缘人群寻找精神归宿起到一定的指导意义。     

蒙元初期的丝绸之路与国家治理

13世纪,随着蒙元帝国的兴起和边界的快速推移,新疆由传统的中国边疆西域变为帝国版图的核心区。四通八达的交通和保障有力的驿站运输,保证了帝国一统天下,重构了此前衰微的丝绸之路。移藩去篱、交叠有效的治理,使蒙元帝国在多元互动、交融共生之中走向繁盛,生动诠释了“丝路精神”,促进了中华民族的形成,为人类文明发展做出了贡献。“一带一路”建设会使新疆由中国“边疆”跃居亚太“核心”,为更多国家和地区的人民带来福祉,促进中国与世界的和平发展。     

传统文化语境下生态心理疗法在城市公园的推广

从传统文化价值观的角度论证了增进心身健康(潘菽的心身理论)是城市园林的首要功能,并以园艺疗法为理论基础拓展其内容为生态心理疗法。提出了城市公园是否可将少部分的草坪区革新成全民健身的乐活角的问题。在举例宋明时期以疗养心身为目的的园林典范的基础上,综合园林史、中医史、社会生活史论述了生态心理疗法治愈心灵创伤的机制作用;再以现代城市公园为例,阐释了推广乐活角的可行性和改造设计草坪景观的方法;最后,总结了当代城市社会心理疾病增多的现实以强调实现生态心理疗法推广的重要性。     

怛逻斯城与唐代丝绸之路

哈萨克斯坦塔拉兹市地处丝绸之路要冲,古称“怛逻斯”。公元5世纪,粟特人建怛逻斯城,后来成为西突厥领地。唐朝称霸中亚后,在西域所设最远的羁縻州就在怛逻斯城,后为突骑施可汗占据。8世纪,突骑施的兴起,客观上为唐朝在西方建立了一道军事屏障,对遏止阿拉伯帝国东侵至关重要。然而,唐高宗却自毁长城,多次向突骑施汗国发动战争,导致安西四镇不得不直接面对来自黑衣大食的军事威胁。751年的怛逻斯之役,四镇节度使高仙芝兵败大食。对古代中国来说,怛逻斯河简直是一道不可逾越的鸿沟,可谓汉唐王朝国力向西发展的极点。     

基于产业融合的新农村景观生态规划——以重庆种苗科技城为例

在“农业与旅游业”相互融合的前提下对重庆种苗科技城进行调研和论证,提炼出了种苗科技城的“三级形象”规划理念,以生态学理论为基础对种苗科技城进行景观规划,旨在创造新型的基于产业融合的新农村景观,为今后农业园区的建设提供参考.     

古代雨水利用对我国海绵城市建设的借鉴与启示

在中外古代城建史上,雨水利用有着悠久的历史,它曾有力地促进了人类古代文明的发展。从雨水利用的思想与观念、规范与制度、方法与技术三个方面可对古代雨水利用的经验和智慧进行梳理,总结古代雨水引、蓄、留、排的方法和技术,这些经验和方法对我国海绵城市建设具有重要的借鉴和启发意义。建设海绵城市应视雨水为资源,以留蓄、积存为主导,建立系统的雨水资源化利用链,同时,还应将雨水利用与景观的规划设计相结合,共同推进城市生态文明建设。     

旅游城市品牌粉丝生成机制与重构利用——基于张家界粉丝现象的分析

运用虚拟民族志的研究方法对张家界粉丝叙述文本进行考察,发现了旅游城市品牌粉丝生成机制;嫁接品牌虚拟社群到这个机制中,构造社会化网络时代旅游城市品牌粉丝经济模型,提出了政策建议。