在公正与效率之间:证人出庭作证制度的困境和出路

证人出庭作证问题,涉及证明标准与法律假设、法律规则与法律标准、诉讼效率与诉讼成本、自利偏见与社会效应等诸多方面。证人不出庭作证的规范依据仍然存在、证人出庭作证的权利和义务不对等、配套措施不完善等原因,导致证人不愿意出庭。美国辩诉交易制度在很大程度上减少了开庭刑事案件的数量,其关于书面陈述的规定也减少了证人出庭作证的需求,在一定程度上实现了被告人人权保护和公共利益的平衡,值得借鉴。完善证人出庭作证制度,应以案件"客观需要"为标准,以追求事实真相为出发点,以人权保护和人性回归为落脚点,遵循限制性处罚原则和禁止利益冲突原则,提高相关规定的可操作性。因此,不宜盲目追求证人高出庭作证率。     

论公务员职业道德建设的法制化路径

改革开放以来，我国公务员面临着来自新的复杂环境和新的工作要求所带来的多方面挑战。近几年，公务员职业道德方面的问题日益凸显，形式主义、官僚主义等问题突出，弄虚作假、贪污腐败之风盛行。这些问题严重影响了民生与安定，阻碍了民主政治建设的进程。而将公务员职业道德建设法制化，利用法与道德的相互关系，通过国家强制力与配套机构来保障法律实施，对于我国公务员职业道德建设会是成效显著而意义非凡的。     

现代社会隐私权和知情权的边界

现代社会是权利的社会,也是权利冲突频发的社会。权利之间的冲突缘起于法律规则的模糊性、权利的滥用和权利的交互性。其实质是一种客观存在的事实而非理论预设和逻辑分析的结果。权利冲突可以大致界分为主体间的权利冲突、价值冲突、利益冲突三种类型;权利间的冲突需要借助社会控制模式(个人控制、组织控制、法律控制)并通过价值平衡方法来解决。     

发达国家对华输出电子废弃物的环境影响与对策

近年来,发达国家电子废弃物的流入给发展中国家的环境和民众健康带来了严重的危害。我国在阻止电子废弃物流入的相关法律规制与监管上存在漏洞,且经济发展战略不合理,发展水平相对落后。法律和经济方面的双重落差导致发达国家电子废弃物流入屡禁不止,迫切需要采取有效措施加以应对。分析国外电子废弃物涌入我国之现状与原因,并从法律制度建设、经济发展思路、经济发展战略、国内管理和国际合作5方面提出应对策略。     

Teaching Black History after Obama

This article is a reflection on the teaching of black history after the Obama presidency and at the dawn of the Trump era. It is both an analysis of the state of the academic field and a primer on how to integrate the past few decades of scholarship in black history broadly across standard K-12 curriculum. It demonstrates the importance of theorizing black history as American history rather than just including African American content in US History courses and offers specific methods that can shift the narrative in this direction even within the confines of a more traditional telling of the American past. Finally, it situates the voluminous work of historians of the black past as critical interventions in pedagogy necessary to challenge today's unrelenting attacks on public education.     

An International Comparative Study on Women's Pension Rights and Their Economic Risks

This article examined the theoretical meanings of pension rights and analyzed their effects on women's economic risks in developed countries. First, based on the status of a citizen, worker, parent, and spouse, this study investigated how pension benefits are guaranteed as a citizen regardless of work history, the degree to which women's disadvantageous situations in the labor market and unpaid work are compensated by public pension as workers and parents, and how marital status is treated in the different pension systems. Second, analysis of the effect of pension rights showed that individual rights is a significant factor to prevent economic risks of elderly women. Derived rights did not seem to secure the economic welfare of elderly women, at least in a comparative context. This finding suggested that developing individual rights, rather than derived rights, is the way to guarantee long‐term elderly women's economic welfare.     

中国互助文化下现代公务员的角色困境

中国传统的互助文化以亲缘互助、地缘互助、业缘互助和圈子互助的形式表现,它刻印在中国人的思想观念中。赋予了民权的现代公务员,要求其角色真正体现为民行政。因此,规范和培育现代公务员势在必行。     

Sociology and the European Court of Human Rights

This article offers a sociological analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Adopting a sociological jurisprudence approach, the article aims to demonstrate the unique and valuable contribution that sociology can make to understanding key aspects of international human rights law. Whilst the article seeks to develop an agenda for critical sociological research on human rights law, it also aims to persuade those charged with the supervision of human rights of the value of sociological analysis. To achieve this, the article focuses on three separate but inter‐related aspects of ECtHR jurisprudence: first, it considers the ECtHR's approach to consensus in its adjudication of human rights complaints; second, it examines the social control implications of the ECtHR's decisions and judgments; and third, it assesses how conceptualizations of social identity are often foundational to the ECtHR's reasoning.     

Impact of Gender Binarism on Hijras’ Life Course and Their Access to Fundamental Human Rights in Pakistan

This study adds to the growing body of knowledge on gender nonconformity aspects of heteronormativity by examining its impact on the life course of hijras and their access to fundamental human rights in Pakistan. Drawing on 50 semistructured interviews conducted in two sites, the findings suggest that the participants’ lived experiences associated with gender nonconformity significantly influenced the direction of their life course and their ability to have access to human rights. These experiences spanned from childhood to elderhood across a wide range of settings, such as family, school, guru dera (residence headed by a hijra guru), workplace, and interactions with authorities. The participants’ human rights were not recognized, resulting in abuse, social stigma, discrimination against them, and their exclusion from mainstream society. Finally, implications are drawn for public policy and future research on third gender concerns in Pakistan and elsewhere.     

幼儿快乐阅读习惯的培养路径

阅读是一种良好的习惯,它对人的一生发展起着十分重要的作用。近年来，学前阅读的重要性受到了社会的高度关注，大家纷纷开展多种形式的幼儿阅读活动,然而,如何在学前阶段培养幼儿良好的阅读意识、阅读方法，为他们进入学校后开展书面语言学习及终身学习打下良好的基础，是目前幼儿教育工作中的一个重要问题之一。因此,我们积极地开展了以培养幼儿快乐的阅读习惯为主要内容的探索,旨在通过为幼儿创设适宜的阅读环境,激发幼儿快乐开展阅读活动。