生育权的私权化

生育权在其产生之初,是为了防御国家对公民私生活不适当的干预.而本文以为仅仅将生育权作为一种人权保护是不够的,于是提出了"生育权私权化"的命题.即应将生育权确立为一种私权(民事权利),适用于私人之间.并且在我国没有宪法诉讼制度的情况下,建立生育权的民事保护体系的要求就显得尤为迫切.     

论科举制度的社会化效应

中国教育史上的一个重大转变缘于"科举制度"的兴起.科举制度实质上是以"考选"代替"选举"的选官制度变革.这种变革不仅突显出人才选拔在传统中国政治上的重要性,更重要的是营造了一个"考试社会",并在民间塑造了"读书做官"的观念基础,教育的价值与功能由此从"学做圣贤"转变为"学而做官".科举制度成了影响传统中国人一个最重要的社会化变量,因科举制而累积的心理现象、文化现象、教育现象与社会化效应,也是导致近代以来东西方在知识、思想与信仰等方面产生差异的一个基本原因.     

建筑学专业创新思维相关问题探讨

思维是由简单机制构成复杂机制网络的生成过程.思维的创造性则与"概念(词)"系统的相关联结与新的组合密切相关,在思维层面也可以说是创造性的本质.     

知识产权犯罪的罪过形式探究

运用层层推进的逻辑方法,逐步论证了知识产权犯罪的罪过形式只能是故意,不可能是间接故意,只能是直接故意但可能存在非典型的直接故意,最后阐述了准确把握罪过形式的理论与实践意义。     

"国家豁免权"在细菌战诉讼案中是否适用

在细菌战受害者对日索赔诉讼案中,日本法院不断以"国家无答责"为由,驳回我国细菌战受害者的诉讼请求,引起了全世界的广泛关注.从"国家豁免权"这一角度看1、国家豁免原则决不是为了对破坏国家的独立主权、破坏国际法制度和危害国际社会共同利益的国际犯罪提供保护;2、侵华日军细菌战严重违反了国际法准则,是性质极其恶劣的国际犯罪行为;3、在细菌战受害者对日索赔诉讼案中,日本国家因严重违反了国际法准则而不适用"国家豁免权".     

The World Bank,INGOs, and Civil Society: Converging Agendas? The Case of Universal Basic Education in Niger

This paper explores, through a case study of the World Bank's pursuit of universal basic education, the gulf between the Bank's dialogue with international civil society elites and its treatment of grassroots civil society in its development practice. It argues that the World Bank is pursuing a conscious program to build a global elite governance system similar to Bank vice-president J. F. Rischard's concept of global issues networks, in which experts from business, government, and civil society will set globally binding social and economic policies. There is a risk of co-optation of international NGOs into this autocratic global managerial system.     

Networking of Intellectual Capital in Southeast Europe: Boosting the Transition to Meritocratic Societies

Being aware that brain drain is perceived as a menace for national economies in the region of Southeast Europe, this paper will closely address the possible beneficial aspects of highly skilled migration and ways to achieve regional sustainability utilising this kind of migratory movement. In this sense, the appearence of a scientific diaspora and other knowledge networks would be stressed not just as a crucial result of their migration but also as a potential method of deriving benefits that can ensure development and consolidation of a meritocratic society. The process would be elaborated in the context of the regional integration with the European Union and accepting inherent standards, but also in the context of the wider social reforms which contain a transition process as whole. The paper will try to argue that civil societies in the region have the capacity to utilise accumulated human capital in the networks to a more significant extent.     

我国公民权利意识淡薄的原因

伴随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济的发展,我国公民权利意识正在觉醒,维护权利的行为也趋向自觉,但从整体上看,公民权利意识的发展很不平衡,公民权利意识淡薄的状况还普遍存在,造成公民权利意识淡薄的主要原因是官本位意识根深蒂固、"人治"思想影响深远、重人伦轻法律思想的影响、计划经济体制下的依附性人格、片面理解权利与义务的关系、用"人民"的概念取代了"公民"的概念等等。     

Rights to special services for people with developmental disabilities in Sweden: The risks and benefits of a legislative approach

Several major pieces of legislation in Sweden have been developed and enacted during the twentieth century to enable people with disabilities to live as normal a life as possible. The legal instrument is not supposed to depend on political economic trends. Important changes in the new Act on Special Services for Developmentally Disabled Persons from 1986 include qualitative demands and the right to self-determination for these individuals. The special services covered by the law are called social rights. The implementation of these rights is under the jurisdiction of politically appointed councils in counties or municipalities. The decisions made by these authorities can be appealed in administrative courts. Judicial review is supposed to be an instrument for the protection of citizens from the authorities responsible for services. In theory, at least, when one disabled person wins a case in court, the precedent should trickle down to all individuals in similar predicaments. But this does not always occur. One problem is that the law has no sanctions to force local authorities to follow the precedents or to execute court decisions. This article focuses on the Act and on the interplay between court cases and precedents and the decisions made by local authorities.