通过征用帝国象征体系获取地方权力 ——明代广西土司的宗教实践

元明土司制度的建立,事实上使得这些地方势力的权力基础开始由中央王朝掌控,广西左右江地区的土司只有依赖于帝国权力才能维持和参与地方权力的竞争。在这一情形下,中央王朝的宇宙观与象征体系被全面引入该地区,既成为土司维持现有权力的工具,也为土司可能的扩张铺平道路。在这一过程中,土司似乎也尝试利用新的宗教象征体系将其家族权力与地方社会扣连在一起,但这一结果也最多只能是杜绝其他土司对其领土的觊觎,反而更加强了帝国对广西土司地区的支配。     

Creating Community: Latina Nannies in a West Los Angeles Park

Drawing on 1 year of ethnographic fieldwork in Los Angeles, this article examines how Latina nannies create workplace solidarity in a public park. This article reveals how nannies use public spaces in the neighborhoods in which they work to establish ties similar to co-worker relations in other settings. This paper demonstrates how nannies create a community at the park by incorporating park staff into their activities, reinforcing group values such as sharing and reciprocity, and distinguishing themselves from their employers. Adding to previous research which highlights the atomization and stigmatization that comes with domestic employment, this article shows how nannies create co-worker relationships that are buffers against unfavorable job conditions such as solitary work settings and unappreciative employers.

Differences in the relationship between depression and self-rated life satisfaction in older Korean and Chinese immigrants

This study aims to examine self-rated life satisfaction and describe its relationship with depression and socioeconomic status among older Chinese and Korean immigrants. A cross-sectional study of 175 older Chinese immigrants and 205 older Korean immigrants was conducted in Los Angeles County. The study found that depression was negatively associated with self-rated life satisfaction for both the Chinese and Korean groups. For older Chinese immigrants, depression was the only significant factor related to self-rated life satisfaction. However, for older Korean immigrants, age, education, and depression were significantly associated with self-rated life satisfaction. This study suggests empirical strategies to reduce depression among these populations, such as the importance of culturally-tailored programs.     

Creating an Immigrant-Friendly Society—What Drives Feelings Toward Immigrants?

The number of individuals currently living in a country other than the one in which they were born peaked at more than 244 million in 2015. This makes the global society a culturally and racially diverse one. Although unpopular with some residents, immigrants are the reality of contemporary society. This study discusses immigration as a global phenomenon and the creation of immigrant-friendly society as a necessity. The study utilizes data from the 2014 General Social Survey on American attitudes toward immigrants to create the feelings toward immigrants (FTI) index and investigates the determinants of the feelings toward immigrants in the United States. The study finds that college education, income, political views, citizens, and residing in the West and the Northeast United States affect feelings toward immigrants. Interestingly, the study reveals that college education enhances the positive perception of liberals and moderates the negative views that conservatives and citizens might have. The study concludes that policymakers seeking to create immigrant-friendly society should focus on the above factors rather than race, attendance, and participation at religious events and other variables that were not significant.     

‘I’m a different kind of biracial’: how black/white biracial Americans with immigrant parents negotiate race

Increasingly, multiracial families have garnered scholarly attention. However, the roles of ethnicity and immigrant ties are largely absent in bi/multiracial studies. Drawing on 17 in-depth interviews with black/white biracial Americans with at least one immigrant parent, this study analyzes the dynamic interplay of race, ethnicity, and immigrant roots in the bi/multiracial community. Our findings show that participants struggle to articulate the meaning of race, and they assert specific racial/ethnic identities to circumvent stereotypical connotations of whiteness and blackness. We highlight how biracial Americans with immigrant ties – those who we might assume would have a limited understanding of race – voice clear understandings of racial superiority and inferiority, racial relations, and racial stereotypes. Emphasizing their ethnic roots is not only an attempt to accurately describe their ancestry; it also allows them to avoid the social consequences (i.e. stereotypes, discrimination, etc.) of being (half) white or (half) black.     

Obamacare in action: how access to the health care system contributes to immigrants’ sense of belonging

ABSTRACT

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to reduce stark health inequalities by providing universal health insurance to all Americans and long-term authorised immigrants. Later regulations, however, gave the 50 U.S. states latitude to choose the degree of coverage for their constituencies. In this paper, we explore how interactions with these diverse systems of care contribute to the incorporation of immigrants into America, especially among the most likely to remain uninsured: the working poor. We uncovered a process in which immigrants’ access to health coverage and care was informed by the procedural justice embedded in their interactions with representatives of the health care system. These interactions signalled to immigrants their deservingness in American society, operating as a system of incorporation in the most inclusive states and as a barrier to incorporation in the most exclusive ones. Repealing the ACA may exacerbate differences across states in access to health care among eligible immigrants and end the incipient transformation of the U.S. health care system into an agent of immigrant incorporation.     

Still left out: healthcare stratification under the Affordable Care Act

ABSTRACT

The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased healthcare access for many Americans. But, its exclusion of most noncitizens and imperfect state-level implementation stratified coverage by documentation status, place, income level, race, and ethnicity across the U.S.A. Drawing from the sociological literature on boundaries, this paper argues that these demographic boundaries facilitate de jure and de facto stratification for immigrants and low-income Americans of various ethnoracial backgrounds. Using existing survey research regarding national ACA implementation and a qualitative study of ACA implementation in Boston, MA, this paper shows how such stratification may worsen existing disparities in healthcare coverage and access among the U.S. population. Implications regarding President Donald Trump and conservative lawmakers’ plans to repeal the ACA are also discussed. The paper contributes to researchers’ understanding of how public policies produce boundaries by place, documentation status, race, ethnicity, and income that facilitate inequality.     

Economic recession and the reverse of internal migration flows of Latin American immigrants in Spain

Fluctuations in internal migration flows have been closely associated with changes in economic processes. However, foreign immigrants’ spatial responses to changing national economic conditions have not yet been sufficiently studied. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the Spanish economic downturn on Latin American immigrants’ mobility by examining their territorial patterns of internal migration. In order to elucidate the intensity and directionality of Latin Americans’ internal flows between 2004 and 2013, divided in two periods – before and during the crisis–, we relied on the data of the Residential Variation Statistics, and the creation of a typology of provinces according to each province’s socio-economic characteristics. We calculated the net migration rates for the main immigrant groups and generated origin–destination matrices. This study shows that Latin Americans’ internal flows in Spain have been affected by the economic downturn, revealing a decrease in intensity and a change in directionality. The economic crisis in Spain has caused a change in the previous dynamic of geographical dispersion and has become a new factor of differentiation in the distribution of the Latin American population in Spain.     

五四前后北京大学的平民教育（1918—1920）

北大的“平民教育”,发端于1918年,与民初以来的“社会教育”运动有着紧密的关联,也受到1910年代的“社会改良”、“社会服务”思潮的深刻影响。五四运动的成功,在平民教育与激进政治运动之间建立了紧密联系,一时成为青年们的“平民教育”事业主要的动力来源。1919年底到1920年初学运的失败,使得这一事业遭遇挫折,其内部不同立场之间的分化,也随之开始显露。     

元末明初移民与明清桐城文化的兴盛

元末明初,由于战乱等原因,许多徽州、江西等地移民纷纷卜居桐城。经过数代人的努力,通过科举入仕,这些移民逐渐由普通的耕读之家发展成为声势显赫的著姓望族。这些望族的形成,为明清时期桐城文学的发展、文化的繁荣,以及文献之邦的建设奠定了坚实的基础,积蓄了更为持久的力量。