Irishness in Glasgow, 1863–70

In early November 1914 the German military authorities ordered the internment of all British male civilians aged between 17 and 55 then still resident in Germany. Over four thousand British subjects were affected by this measure. This article examines the domestic political background to the decision in favour of internment, focusing on the role of public opinion and of competing voices within the German war leadership. It also looks at attempts to negotiate the release and exchange of civilian prisoners after 1914. Internment was supported by the military and by most sections of the middle-class press. While partly a reaction to similar measures against Germans in Britain, it also reflected the government's growing frustration at the failure to achieve victory in the opening months of the war.     

Interdisciplinary Geriatric Education

There is an absence of adequately trained social workers to meet the health and social service needs of a rapidly increasing aging population. Educators face the challenge of helping social workers in the field both to upgrade their gerontological knowledge and skills and to become functioning members of the emerging modality-the interdisciplinary care team. A historical review of gerontological social work education suggests that 'first generation' education programs based on a medical model of intervention gave way to the 'second generation' in which aging was viewed as a normative step in the life cycle. Currently gerontological social work education is entering the 'third generation' in which emphasis is on working with members of other disciplines to provide comprehensive care. This interdisciplinary geriatric health care is most readily taught as a continuing education, postgraduate experience. This 'third generation' of gerontological social work education is exemplified by the experience of the Hunter/Mount Sinai Geriatric Education Center. Interdisciplinary geriatric health care requires teaching by an interdisciplinary team and, to be effective, educators must themselves be equipped to function as member of the team. Barriers to interdisciplinary understanding and the factors necessary for interdisciplinary collaboration are detailed.     

城市新移民社会资本的理性转换

本文运用2007年600位城市新移民的问卷调查数据，通过比较分析总体社会资本与本地社会资本对城市新移民社会融合的影响，旨在揭示城市新移民的本地社会资本在何种意义上更有利于其社会融合。研究发现，尽管本地社会资本更有利于城市新移民的总体社会融合，但其作用的大小和方向却有所差异。这表明，城市新移民社会资本的本地化是理性选择的结果。     

王府文官与明初中央集权

王府文官制度的设立与完善,是朱元璋等明初诸帝,在实行"分封建国"的政治背景下,力图强化中央集权,加强对藩王控制的一项重要举措。朱元璋通过对王府文官的倚重、保障其政治前途等一系列措施,在加强对王府文官有效控制的同时,也极大促动了王府文官"忠君"大于"事王"的基本政治取向的形成,并在靖难之变中较为突出地展现出来。不过,由于明初藩王势力的相对过大,使王府文官系统对藩王的约束还主要停留于规谏层面,而未能形成更为完善的制衡与制约机制,因而也就不能从根本上防止藩王势力对皇权的挑战。     

论美国推行航空运输自由化的本质

通过分析美国输出运力的客观需求，建立民用后备航空队的目的和限制外资与保护劳工的考量，认为美国倡导的航空运输自由化极具狭隘性，其本质是向国外输出过剩的运力，扩大航空运输市场。基于国家安全考虑，美国建立民用后备航空队，提高了民航利用率。为增加就业机会，美国严格限制外国航空运输企业对美国航空运输产业的控制，以更好保护美国劳动者的利益。     

中原文化背景下当代河南作家的文化品质

中原文化浸润下的河南作家，选择乡土文学作为创作的载体，注重文学的社会价值，对文化与生存关系进行思考，展示与剖析了国民灵魂，深入地揭示了当代农民心理上的种种痼疾和障碍；关注对乡土的文化理性批判，展现了河南地域文化的新品质。     

儒家文化传统与法治社会中的公民意识塑造

公民意识塑造在转型国家的法治进程中,具有至关重要的作用,但由于历史遗传因素的浓重影响,导致儒家化传统对我国公民意识的塑造产生了深层的影响,因此,把握时代潮流而扬弃儒家化传统．进而重塑公民意识和推进法治秩序的建立,就显得重要而紧迫。     

拥有强烈平民意识的平民作家--试论路遥

路遥是我国当代著名作家,他的小说曾经激荡起数代人的理想,至今依然受到许多读者的青睐.他始终关注普通百姓,具有强烈的而独特的平民意识,并以此为自己的创作指引.路遥的这种平民意识有其自身形成过程和特点,同他的作品、人格、精神气质都有着密切的联系.本文就针对路遥的平民意识展开论述.     

Solidarity towards immigrants in European welfare states

The concern that immigration could threaten the sustainability of the European Social Model is a reason to have a closer look at popular images of immigrants in the context of European welfare states. The focus is on Europeans' informal solidarity towards immigrants relative to other vulnerable groups in society. Using data from the European Values Survey 1999/2000 we find that in all European countries the public is least solidaristic towards migrants, in comparison with elderly people, sick and disabled people and unemployed people. Contrary to expectation, there is little relation between welfare state characteristics and people's solidarity, while the relative solidarity towards immigrants is higher in culturally more diverse countries. As expected, the relative solidarity towards immigrants is lower in countries with a more negative opinion climate towards immigrants and in poorer countries of Europe.     

慕侠民俗与侠文化史的精神意义

慕侠习俗的稳定性 ,带来了豪侠故事结构、内蕴的惊人稳定性和传承性。慕侠这一民俗事象 ,已成为几乎全体社会成员所公认的一个理想化人格标准和行为模式。首先 ,慕侠习俗适应小农经济下平民心理需要 ,有巨大实用性和凝聚力 ;其次 ,慕侠民俗可宣泄人们以正统法治、现实境况的否定不满 ;其三 ,慕侠习俗生动地延伸了民族固有的应然心理 ;其四 ,慕侠尚义习俗可以焕发人们美好的精神情趣。