Vietnam’s economy: Achievements and perspective

In last several years, Vietnams economy has reached significant achievements. Those are clearly seen by analyzing economic growth, economic structure transformation, trade and investment and Vietnams economy competitiveness. However, in the process of development, Vietnams economy is still facing many difficulties and challenges. Vietnam is accelerating speed of innovation process, is active and quicker in international economic integration in order to complete the economic – social objectives in the period of 2001–2005 with annual average economic growth rate of 7.5%.     

先前经验、学习风格与创业能力的实证研究

如何提升创业者的创业能力是目前创业实践中亟待解决的问题。在将经验和能力区分开的基础上,从创业学习的视角出发,深入挖掘创业者先前经验与创业能力之间的作用关系机制,探讨创业者经验向创业能力转化的内在机理,采用探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、层级回归分析等方法,对173家中国新创企业的调查问卷进行分析。研究结果表明,学习风格在创业者先前经验与创业能力的关系中发挥调节作用,不同类型的先前经验对不同类型的创业能力产生影响,创业者的学习风格也并非像以往研究所认为的那样存在优劣之分,而是存在一个匹配关系,当创业者的信息获取/转化方式与他的先前经验类型相匹配时,这一类型的经验才能更好的转化为创业能力。     

The Box–Cox Transformation and Non‐Iterative Estimation Methods for Ordinal Log‐Linear Models

Recently Beh and Farver investigated and evaluated three non‐iterative procedures for estimating the linear‐by‐linear parameter of an ordinal log‐linear model. The study demonstrated that these non‐iterative techniques provide estimates that are, for most types of contingency tables, statistically indistinguishable from estimates from Newton's unidimensional algorithm. Here we show how two of these techniques are related using the Box–Cox transformation. We also show that by using this transformation, accurate non‐iterative estimates are achievable even when a contingency table contains sampling zeros.     

Estimating the prevalence of low-lumbar spine bone mineral density in older men with or at risk for HIV infection using normal mixture models

Bone mineral density decreases naturally as we age because existing bone tissue is reabsorbed by the body faster than new bone tissue is synthesized. When this occurs, bones lose calcium and other minerals. What is normal bone mineral density for men 50 years and older? Suitable diagnostic cutoff values for men are less well defined than for women. In this paper, we propose using normal mixture models to estimate the prevalence of low-lumbar spine bone mineral density in men 50 years and older with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection when normal values of bone mineral density are not generally known. The Box–Cox power transformation is used to determine which transformation best suits normal mixture distributions. Parametric bootstrap tests are used to determine the number of mixture components and to determine whether the mixture components are homoscedastic or heteroscedastic.     

Regularized Posteriors in Linear Ill‐Posed Inverse Problems

Abstract. We study the Bayesian solution of a linear inverse problem in a separable Hilbert space setting with Gaussian prior and noise distribution. Our contribution is to propose a new Bayes estimator which is a linear and continuous estimator on the whole space and is stronger than the mean of the exact Gaussian posterior distribution which is only defined as a measurable linear transformation. Our estimator is the mean of a slightly modified posterior distribution called regularized posterior distribution. Frequentist consistency of our estimator and of the regularized posterior distribution is proved. A Monte Carlo study and an application to real data confirm good small‐sample properties of our procedure.     

Kurtosis modelling by means of the J-transformation

Summary: The H–family of distributions or H–distributions, introduced by Tukey (1960; 1977), are generated by a single transformation of the standard normal distribution and allow for leptokurtosis represented by the parameter h. Alternatively, Haynes et al. (1997) generated leptokurtic distributions by applying the K–transformation to the normal distribution. In this study we propose a third transformation, the so–called J–transformation, and derive some properties of this transformation. Moreover, so-called elongation generating functions (EGFs) are introduced. By means of EGFs we are able to visualize the strength of tail elongation and to construct new transformations. Finally, we compare the three transformations towards their goodness–of–fit in the context of financial return data.     

Box-Cox变换下联合均值与方差模型的极大似然估计

在提出Box-Cox变换下联合均值与方差模型的基础上,研究了该模型参数的估计问题.同时利用截面极大似然估计方法对变换参数λ进行估计,并对均值模型和方差模型的参数进行极大似然估计.通过随机模拟和实例研究,结果表明该模型和方法是有效和可行的.     

Quasi-likelihood from<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>-estimators: A numerical comparison with empirical likelihood

In this paper we compare two robust pseudo-likelihoods for a parameter of interest, also in the presence of nuisance parameters. These functions are obtained by computing quasi-likelihood and empirical likelihood from the estimating equations which define robustM-estimators. Application examples in the context of linear transformation models are considered. Monte Carlo studies are performed in order to assess the finite-sample performance of the inferential procedures based on quasi-and empirical likelihood, when the objective is the construction of robust confidence regions.     

某些发展方程的Hamilton正则表示

本文基于已有方法,引进一种新对偶参量的设法,并给出求Hamilton正则化的一种改进方法,对此法进行规范,进而推广该法,使得它的应用范围更广,计算量更小,更易于获得Hamilton正则表示.最后举例验证了该法的有效性.     

当代中国社会转型期文明多维结构的伦理分析

当代中国正处于由传统封闭的农业社会向现代开放的工业社会转型的关键期。这场深刻的社会转型,既涉及到人类对文明的不断追求,也涉及到如何认识及评判文明的深层伦理问题。而差异与互补是保持和追求文明整体结构和谐发展的必要前提;协调一致是其最基本的伦理诉求;人全面自由的发展则是其最高的伦理价值取向。文明多维结构要素的和谐发展既是人类谋求“优良的生活”根本目的所在,也是人全面自由发展的内在需求,更是当代中国社会转型期解决与处理各种矛盾与困境的一种路径选择。