金融危机后世界城市网络的变化与新趋势

本文主要探讨后危机时期世界城市网络体系的变化特征,并探讨这些趋势背后的深层次动因及影响要素。从网络体系的等级特征上看,中等层级的世界城市在网络中的地位迅速提高,使世界城市网络趋向于钟型结构。从区域属性上看,新兴经济体与亚太区域世界城市的崛起成为显著趋势,从而使世界城市网络的广度与深度得到提升。世界城市网络体系的新趋势,反映出危机后国际政治经济格局产生重大变化的背景下,全球化力量的调整与新布局。     

中间阶层的崛起与中国共产党的自身建设

随着社会经济结构的变迁和经济体制的改革,我国的社会阶层结构不断重组、分化,中间阶层崛起.中间阶层的成长与壮大,对中国共产党执政基础的巩固、执政能力的提高和意识形态的认同产生了重要影响.针对中间阶层崛起的现状,中国共产党必须进行适应性变革,转变领导体制和执政方式,巩固并扩大执政基础,增强意识形态的包容性和弹力,并注意引导...     

农村土地流转与社会阶层的重构

20世纪90年代中期以后。农村出现大规模人口流动和职业分殊,农村土地开始在村社内部自发流转。自发土地流转使土地相对集中在某些农户手中,他们耕种着中等规模的土地,拥有中等水平的收入,成为农村中的“中间阶层”。农村中的中间阶层由于其自身秉性,在农村中扮演着重要的角色,是农村稳定的根基,也是国家政权的基本支持力量。但是近年来激进的、大规模的土地流转又使得中间阶层趋于瓦解。为此,政府应积极鼓励、引导、规范村社内部自发的土地流转,减少激进的、大规模的土地流转。     

19世纪末20世纪初英国劳资关系转变与工人阶级福利

19世纪末20世纪初是英国社会转型时期。工人阶级力量壮大使劳资关系走向平等化,劳资双方的博弈使两者的权益得到更加平等的分配,而这种分配则由代表统治阶级的国家以社会福利政策的形式来执行,使劳、资、政三方的要求都得到满足,换来更加和谐的劳资关系、经济发展和社会稳定,也为全民福利国家的构建打下基础。     

Ivies, extracurriculars, and exclusion: Elite employers’ use of educational credentials

Although a robust literature has demonstrated a positive relationship between education and socio-economic attainment, the processes through which formal schooling yields enhanced economic and social rewards remain less clear. Employers play a crucial role in explaining the returns to formal schooling yet little is known about how employers, particularly elite employers, use and interpret educational credentials. In this article, I analyze how elite professional service employers use and interpret educational credentials in real-life hiring decisions. I find that educational credentials were the most common criteria employers used to solicit and screen resumes. However, it was not the content of education that elite employers valued but rather its prestige. Contrary to common sociological measures of institutional prestige, employers privileged candidates who possessed a super-elite (e.g., top four) rather than selective university affiliation. They restricted competition to students with elite affiliations and attributed superior abilities to candidates who had been admitted to super-elite institutions, regardless of their actual performance once there. However, a super-elite university affiliation was insufficient on its own. Importing the logic of university admissions, firms performed a strong secondary screen on candidates’ extracurricular accomplishments, favoring high status, resource-intensive activities that resonated with white, upper-middle class culture. I discuss these findings in terms of the changing nature of educational credentialism to suggest that (a) extracurricular activities have become credentials of social and moral character that have monetary conversion value in labor markets and (b) the way employers use and interpret educational credentials contributes to a social closure of elite jobs based on socio-economic status.     

Embedding latent class regression and latent class distal outcome models into cluster-weighted latent class analysis: a detailed simulation experiment

Usually in latent class (LC) analysis, external predictors are taken to be cluster conditional probability predictors (LC models with external predictors), and/or score conditional probability predictors (LC regression models). In such cases, their distribution is not of interest. Class-specific distribution is of interest in the distal outcome model, when the distribution of the external variables is assumed to depend on LC membership. In this paper, we consider a more general formulation, that embeds both the LC regression and the distal outcome models, as is typically done in cluster-weighted modelling. This allows us to investigate (1) whether the distribution of the external variables differs across classes, (2) whether there are significant direct effects of the external variables on the indicators, by modelling jointly the relationship between the external and the latent variables. We show the advantages of the proposed modelling approach through a set of artificial examples, an extensive simulation study and an empirical application about psychological contracts among employees and employers in Belgium and the Netherlands.     

A test statistic for weighted runs

A new test statistic based on runs of weighted deviations is introduced. Its use for observations sampled from independent normal distributions is worked out in detail. It supplements the classic χ² test which ignores the ordering of observations and provides additional sensitivity to local deviations from expectations. The exact distribution of the statistic in the non-parametric case is derived and an algorithm to compute p-values is presented. The computational complexity of the algorithm is derived employing a novel identity for integer partitions.     

Réinterroger la relation entre école et mobilité sociale. Le cas des enfants d’agriculteurs et d’ouvriers dans l’Ouest

Till now, the relation between schooling and social mobility, a classical question in the sociology of education, has been approached through analyses of a structural sort, either by focusing on the functions that schools are supposed to fill or by adopting the timeless model of neoclassical economics. This approach does not examine all possible relations between schools and social mobility; nor does it see these relations in terms of a process. A study of the scholastic biographies of the children of farmers and workers in western France renews our conception of this relation. It shows that this relation mainly stems from a combination of quite heterogeneous elements, which we glimpse in these biographies.     

The obscuring of class in memoirs of parents of children with disabilities

Many memoirs written by the parents of children with disabilities have been published in America, especially in recent years. Although they often tell tales of struggle and heartache, they are also often tales of parents and children who manage to overcome adversity. While these stories no doubt often give many new parents of children with disabilities hope, they also obscure the fact that members of different classes have different access to various coping strategies for the extra challenges of raising a child with a disability. This paper examines nine memoirs and how the authors were able to use resources available to members of the middle and upper class (finances, time, and social connections) to more easily accomplish modern ideals of disability in America: de‐institutionalization and inclusion. The coping strategies of the lower class are absent from the discussion. Finally, the paper argues that it is ill‐advised to place such a heavy burden on families in accommodating persons with disabilities.