超越“成本—收益分析”的伦理学考量——哲学、经济学如何携手应对全球气候变化

气候变化是当前全球关心的一个热点,既牵涉到经济社会问题,也牵涉到哲学伦理问题。哲学家与经济学家应当互相学习。哲学家既要从经济学家那里借鉴成本—收益分析之类的理论方法用以构建气候变化的伦理学,同时也应当通过影响在气候变化问题中扮演重要角色的经济学家来对气候变化问题发言。而在应对气候变化进行成本—收益分析时,经济学家应当意识到,要决定正确的贴现率离不开伦理考量。面对科学的不确定性,人们应当考虑到最坏的可能,即使那个可能非常之小。气候变化给人类带来许多灾难,其中一个严重后果是人口锐减甚至人类灭绝,如何对生命失去以及未能出生作出估价,也是伦理学家需要认真思考的问题。中国古代的哲学理念和智慧,或许能给当代人类应对气候变化提供有益的启迪。     

具变号非线性项二阶Neumann边值问题的正解

利用锥上不动点定理,研究了一类具有变号非线性项的二阶微分方程Neumann边值问题正解的存在性,证明了边值问题解的范数受控于一个线性函数,推广和改进了相关文献的结论.     

制造业溢出效应对气候变化的影响

制造业的发展给气候变化带来的影响主要有两个方面：第一，制造业溢出效应导致人口迅速增长，从而改变了地表环境，引起了气候变化；第二，制造业的发展、消费市场的培育，增加了能源的消耗。发达国家对这些影响负有主要责任，应在碳减排方面应承担主要责任。     

关于启悟的智慧迷宫——残雪小说论

以荒诞派和庄子哲学为思想底蕴,残雪的小说通过地狱与天堂两个时空的对比凸显了自我拯救的主题意识,同时,作者又采用变形与消解等方式赋予小说以形式的意义,由此构建了一座关于启悟的智慧迷宫.     

“中”与“均”——方以智变易中求调和思想探讨

方以智在论述“中”和“均”的时候,在强调变易、变化的同时,也提出了调和的思想。方以智所论“中”有“时中”、中庸、中道、中和、中正之意,这反映了方以智哲学调和的特点。方以智把“均”看成是合“交、轮、几”为一体的范畴,他把和、合概念用于“均”,形成调和、集大成的特色。     

东汉政局变动中的颍川豪族

颍川豪族群体是东汉政权得以建立的三大支柱之一;颍川士大夫豪族是东汉桓灵之际党人群体中的重要组成部分,是反宦官、清议运动的主导力量。在汉魏之际颍川豪族群体是反对董卓的重要力量;以辛氏、郭氏为代表的颍川豪族与冀州豪族的争执对袁绍政权的败亡产生了重要影响,以荀或、荀攸为代表的颍川豪族在曹操政权谋士群体中居于核心地位,为曹操统一北方发挥了至关重要的作用,从而成为魏晋士族的重要组成部分。     

体制改革对图书馆工作人员职业生命历程的影响

中国目前正处于由计划经济向市场经济的转型过程中,在计划体制下图书馆馆员的职业生命历程基本上是一种垂直运动,馆员的职业是从一而终,僵化和封闭是其主要特点;在市场体制下它就更富有挑战性,竞争和自由选择成为其特色。     

从“有法之法”看山谷诗学——浅谈江西诗派黄庭坚的诗学主张

黄庭坚作为江西诗派的实际开创者,其诗歌创作理论对后世影响深远。本文主要论述其“有法之法”的理论内涵,并着重探讨其中的“点铁成金”、“夺胎换骨”及读书用事的主张,认为黄庭坚的“有法”最终目的是达到“无法”,有其独特的理论价值与重要意义。     

Simulating Behavioral Influences on Community Flood Risk under Future Climate Scenarios

Flood risk is a function of both climate and human behavior, including individual and societal actions. For this reason, there is a need to incorporate both human and climatic components in models of flood risk. This study simulates behavioral influences on the evolution of community flood risk under different future climate scenarios using an agent-based model (ABM). The objective is to understand better the ways, sometimes unexpected, that human behavior, stochastic floods, and community interventions interact to influence the evolution of flood risk. One historic climate scenario and three future climate scenarios are simulated using a case study location in Fargo, North Dakota. Individual agents can mitigate flood risk via household mitigation or by moving, based on decision rules that consider risk perception and coping perception. The community can mitigate or disseminate information to reduce flood risk. Results show that agent behavior and community action have a significant impact on the evolution of flood risk under different climate scenarios. In all scenarios, individual and community action generally result in a decline in damages over time. In a lower flood risk scenario, the decline is primarily due to agent mitigation, while in a high flood risk scenario, community mitigation and agent relocation are primary drivers of the decline. Adaptive behaviors offset some of the increase in flood risk associated with climate change, and under an extreme climate scenario, our model indicates that many agents relocate.     

Conducting and utilizing evaluation for multiple accountabilities: A study of nonprofit evaluation capacities

This article combines the evaluation capacity building and nonprofit accountability literature to examine how nonprofits use evaluation data to address stakeholder expectations. Our study investigates how staff competency, technological resources, learning climate, and strategic planning influence a nonprofit's ability to demonstrate upward, lateral, and downward accountabilities. Results indicate different combinations of evaluation capacities matter more for particular stakeholder groups. We argue a more integrative nonprofit accountability requires that managers and staff know how to utilize evaluation results for internal and external audiences. Nuances between specific evaluative capacities and their influences on multiple accountabilities suggest several implications for practice.