Risk–risk governance in a low-carbon future: Exploring institutional,technological, and behavioral tradeoffs in climate geoengineering pathways

Deliberations are underway to utilize increasingly radical technological options to help address climate change and stabilize the climatic system. Collectively, these options are often referred to as “climate geoengineering.” Deployment of such options, however, can create wicked tradeoffs in governance and require adaptive forms of risk management. In this study, we utilize a large and novel set of qualitative expert interview data to more deeply and systematically explore the types of risk–risk tradeoffs that may emerge from the use of 20 different climate geoengineering options, 10 that focus on carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas removal, and 10 that focus on solar radiation management and reflecting sunlight. We specifically consider: What risks does the deployment of these options entail? What types of tradeoffs may emerge through their deployment? We apply a framework that clusters risk–risk tradeoffs into institutional and governance, technological and environmental, and behavioral and temporal dimensions. In doing so, we offer a more complete inventory of risk–risk tradeoffs than those currently available within the respective risk-assessment, energy-systems, and climate-change literatures, and we also point the way toward future research gaps concerning policy, deployment, and risk management.     

Social capital exchanges in voluntary associations and work organizations: A network perspective

Organizations have been an important setting in which social capital exchanges (SCEs) occur, but little work has been done to distinguish two predominant species of organizations in the social network literature: voluntary associations and formal work organizations. Addressing this lacuna, this article comparatively examines how the two organizational species differ in (1) how two prominent types of SCEs operate (restricted and generalized exchange), as well as (2) the analytical approaches and methodological tools for studying SCEs (boundary-specification, sampling, network designs, tie-recording methods) and their adherent implications for network structure (networking conditions and homophily). This article concludes by identifying methodological and theoretical challenges for studying SCEs in organizations (conceptualizing organizations as units, underappreciating meaning-making and methodological triangulation, and examining contagion in organizational networks in an age of digitalization) and developing recommendations for overcoming them.     

Biospheric values as predictor of climate change risk perception: A multinational investigation

Climate change is one of the big challenges of our time. A better understanding of how individuals form their evaluation of the risk related to climate change seems to be key to win broad support for climate change mitigation efforts. Extant research indicates that biospheric values (BV) are an important antecedent of individuals’ perception of the risk and consequences related to climate change. However, risk perception scholars have only recently started to study how BV relate to individuals’ climate change risk perception (CCRP) and much is still to be learned about this relationship. The present study contributes to this growing literature by studying the BV–CCRP relationship in a multinational context. The results suggest that the BV – CCRP relationship varies in strength between different countries. These differences can be explained in part by societies’ cultural leanings (i.e., individualism vs. collectivism) and societies’ wealth. The present research adds to our understanding of why individuals in different countries perceive climate change related risk differently and how this perception is shaped differently by biospheric values in different countries. In this way, the findings help to build a more nuanced theory of how CCRP are formed. The presented results also have implications for policymakers and NGOs who wish to increase individuals’ engagement with climate change and its consequences in different populations. In particular, the findings suggests that it might be necessary to use different strategies in different societies to achieve a greater awareness of climate change related risks.     

习近平总体国家安全观：谋大局、应变局、创新局的理论遵循

总体国家安全观是习近平总书记提出的关于构建和维护中国特色国家安全的一系列具有缜密逻辑结构的根本看法和观点，实现了我们党在国家安全理论上的飞跃。总体国家安全观坚持全面安全与系统安全相统一、国家安全与人民安全相统一、中国安全与世界安全相统一，实现各方面的安全统筹治理、共同巩固，是新形势下开展国家安全工作的科学指南。深学笃行习近平总体国家安全观，能够牢牢把握国家安全工作正确方向，推进更高水平的平安中国建设，更好地统筹安全和发展。习近平总体国家安全观是谋求实现中华民族伟大复兴之大局，应对世界百年未有之变局，开创中国特色社会主义事业之新局的理论遵循。     

Climate change knowledge influences attitude to mitigation via efficacy beliefs

Theories proposing climate change apathy is explained by inadequate knowledge do not account for why many informed and concerned Americans fail to act. While correlations between knowledge, efficacy for climate change, and attitude to mitigation have been observed, few studies have examined efficacy for climate change as a mediator. This study aimed to investigate the influence of specific climate change knowledge on attitude to mitigation via efficacy beliefs. A cross-sectional survey of 205 US adults recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk assessed participants’ climate change knowledge, efficacy for climate change, and attitude to mitigation. Indirect effects of self-efficacy for climate change were observed in three mediation models, suggesting efficacy for climate change explains some of the relationship between specific climate change knowledge and attitude to mitigation. The findings suggest risk communication can motivate pro-environmental attitudes with interventions that deliver information about climate change and develop efficacy for mitigation behavior.     

转型期政府研究咨询机构存在的误区分析与对策

在建立市场经济体制过程中 ,适应“谋”与“断”分工及现代国家所面临的愈加复杂的政策问题之需要而进入决策系统的政府研究咨询机构 ,扮演着愈来愈重要的角色。但值得注意的是 ,多数机构名不副实 ,没有真正发挥“外脑”作用 ,而其在认识上、研究上及实践中存在的诸多误区 ,非但妨碍了其“外脑”作用的发挥 ,而且对政府各类决策也造成了不可忽视的影响。因此 ,正确理解与跨出这些误区乃是决策科学化、民主化的必然要求     

Attention to climate change and downside risk: Evidence from China

We explore the role of public climate attention, captured by the Baidu search volume index, in the downside risk. Using 45 keywords from five perspectives related to climate change, we construct a public climate attention index in China. We find a positive and significant relationship between climate attention and downside risk at the market-level and firm-level. Moreover, the risk-increase effect of climate attention becomes more prominent for state-owned and high-carbon-emission firms. Further analysis shows that excellent sustainable performance can moderate the adverse effect of rising climate attention, while the major climate disasters exacerbate the effect. Overall, our findings shed additional light on the important role of collective climate beliefs in corporate risk management and investor decision-making.     

试论诚信领导与组织伦理氛围的关系——兼论社会组织的改革思路

诚信领导和良好的组织伦理氛围，是社会组织安身立命和功能发挥的根基。国内当前关于诚信领导和组织伦理氛围关系的研究，未与对于诚信领导有着特别需求的社会组织相联系。采用元分析方法，系统分析诚信领导与组织伦理氛围的关系，结果表明：诚信领导与组织伦理氛围之间呈正相关，且诚信领导与组织伦理氛围的关系不受文化背景影响。社会组织是社会治理体系不可或缺的组成部分，当前我国部分社会组织由于存在组织领导错位、管理急功近利、社会责任缺失等问题，陷入了公众信任危机。社会组织在未来的运营管理中，应通过诚信领导塑造良好的组织伦理氛围，重建社会公信力，保障组织可持续发展。     

全球粮食安全的现状、实现途径与保障措施——2022全球粮食安全青年科学家论坛综述

由华中农业大学、国际食物政策研究所、国际玉米小麦改良中心和德国莱布尼茨转型经济农业发展研究所联合举办的2022全球粮食安全青年科学家论坛以线上线下结合的形式于2022年12月2日至3日举办。论坛指出当前全球粮食安全在粮食供给和粮食消费结构上取得了显著成效，但也面临新冠疫情、地缘冲突、气候变化等因素的威胁和挑战。同时，论坛明确了保障粮食安全的主要途径在于保障粮食供应，确保食物获取，提高食物利用水平以及增强粮食稳定性，并提出保障全球粮食安全的政策措施：推广现代农业技术以提高粮食生产率，优化农食系统结构以促进粮食安全从量到质的提升，提高风险抵御能力来增强全球粮食系统韧性以及深入开展国际合作来改善全球粮农协同治理。     

世界大变局下中国外交能力建设:目标与路径

外交能力是国家实力的重要构成要素,外交能力大小是影响一国国际地位和影响力的重要变量。中国特色大国外交的时代命题,就是要主动塑造中国作为一个世界大国所应有的外交体系和外交能力,外交能力建设自始便是中国特色大国外交的重要内容。新时代中国外交能力建设,以“两个大局”为时代坐标,着眼塑造和用好中国发展的重要战略机遇期,为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供更加有力的保障,为人类进步作出更大贡献。中国外交能力建设应以外交体制机制建设为基础,以外交理论创新为引领,以外交布局的谋划和推进为主线,以战略实施能力的全面提升为支撑。外交能力建设是一个系统工程,需要有效实现国家实力、战略目标、外交方式的相互匹配,同步推进外交体制机制改革与外交人才队伍建设,注重外交实务也要加强学术发展和智库建设。