Perceptions of ethical climate and organizational justice as antecedents to employee performance: The mediating role of employees' attributions of leader effectiveness

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of employee attributions of leader effectiveness on relationships between perceptions of (a) ethical climate and (b) organizational justice and both positive and negative types of performance. We argue that these relatively under-investigated perceptions are critical antecedents to effective productivity in the workplace. Accordingly, this study is the first to examine the associations of both ethical climate and organizational justice on both positive and negative performance within the context of mediation via employee attributions of leader effectiveness. Based on online survey data from 2486 Romanian employees, our SEM-based findings reveal that the attribution of leader effectiveness functions as a mediator between the associations of ethical climate and justice perceptions on two distinct types of performance: (1) Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and (2) Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB).Additionally, the results revealed that trait negative affect moderates the mediating role of leader effectiveness with OCB but not with CWB. This study contributes to the recent and growing interest in the mediating role of attributions regarding work performance. Several theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed concerning leader-specific attributions, employee empowerment, and employee performance. Most prominently, we discuss why individuals with strong trait negative affect may engage in CWB without the influence of ethical climate or organizational justice.     

气候资源的权属与法律治理

气候在过去的产权制度中并不被作为一种财富,人们随着对气候利用的能力不断提高,对气候的资源属性愈加重视。为了更好地对气候资源进行法律治理,需要明确其权属。文章以黑龙江省在气候资源方面的条例和引发的争议入手,探讨气候资源的概念与特征,通过分析我国的法律权力的边界及公共信托理论确定气候资源的权属,即气候资源是一种公众共用物,并以公众共用物悲剧为诫,尝试探索出一条体系化、综合化、多主体、全过程的气候资源法律治理路径,以期更好地保护气候资源和合理地开发利用。     

宋代士人改字及其社会文化分析

古人有名亦有字。相对于名而言，字蕴涵着更为丰富的社会文化内涵。宋代士人认为，字不仅是其命运前途的彰显，而且是其士人身份的重要标识。故而，宋代士人重字贵字并对字提出了较高的文化要求，士人改字遂成为一种社会风尚。改字的原因，或为避讳、或为迷信、或为审美情趣、或为勉学、或为道德训诫。改字这一社会现象最主要体现了士人对其身份的认同，这同时也反映了宋代社会流动性加强背景之下社会分层中士人的价值取向。     

构建我国碳信息披露体系的战略思考

落实党的二十大提出的“积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和”,需要做好战略谋划和制度建设。我国现有碳信息披露制度安排，仅强制要求重点排污单位等企业披露碳排放数据，不能满足需要。面对全球碳信息强制披露和强制鉴证趋势，考虑到碳信息披露体系在推进碳达峰碳中和工作中的基础作用，借鉴国际经验建立我国碳信息强制披露与强制鉴证制度势在必行。构建我国碳信息披露体系，除可以借鉴《国际财务报告可持续披露准则第2号——气候相关披露(征求意见稿)》、欧盟《ESRS E1:气候变化》草案及美国气候信息披露规则提案外，还应遵循系统统筹原则与气候变化优先原则，并考虑我国能源资源禀赋特征，制定涵盖碳信息的气候变化信息披露准则。为确保碳信息披露质量，在生成环节，应完善碳排放核算标准，使核算标准更加规范，核算方法更加科学，核算数据更加全面、科学和可靠；在监督环节，应建立科学的碳排放监督体系，强化对企业碳信息披露的内部监督、第三方核查与鉴证及外部监管。     

Benefits of and strategies to update premium rates in the US National Flood Insurance Program under climate change

The United States’ National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has accumulated over $20 billion in debt to the US Treasury since 2005, partly due to discounted premiums on homes in flood-prone areas. To address this issue, FEMA introduced Risk Rating 2.0 in October 2021, which is able to assess and charge more accurate and equitable rates to homeowners. However, rates must be continually updated to account for increasing flood damage caused by sea level rise and more intense hurricanes due to climate change. This study proposes a strategy to adopt updated premium rates that account for climate change effects and address affordability and risk mitigation issues with a means-tested voucher program. The strategy is tested in a coastal community, Ortley Beach, NJ, by projecting its future flood risk under sea level rise and storm intensification. Compared with using static rates for all the properties in Ortley Beach, the proposed strategy is shown to reduce the NFIP's potential losses to the community from 2020 to 2050 by half (from $4.6 million to $2.3 million), improve the community's flood resistance, and address affordability concerns. Sensitivity analysis of varying incomes, loan interest rates, and conditions for a voucher indicates that the strategy is feasible and effective under a wide range of scenarios. Thus, the proposed strategy can be applied to various communities along the US coastline as an effective way of updating risk-based premiums while addressing affordability and resilience concerns.     

A gendered lens for building climate resilience: Narratives from women in informal work in Leh,Ladakh

In this paper, we critically examine the gendered impacts of climatechange related extreme events upon workers in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Climate change impacts disproportionately affect the livelihoods of women engaged in informal work like weaving from their homes and street vending. Existing research suggests that women are more likely to be among the most vulnerable in such extreme events as well as are vital agents to develop climate resilience within their communities. We draw upon unique quantitative and qualitative data to critically examine the lived experiences of female informal workers from Leh, Ladakh (India). Drawing on the work of Duchek (2020),  we explore how women informal workers navigate their daily strategies of anticipating, coping, and adapting toward climate change. From this analysis, we offer novel empirical evidence about gendered climate resilience and suggest broad recommendations for building climate resilience within mountain communities.     

职业流动问题与综合技术教育思想——兼论职业教育改革

职业流动对人们的社会生活已经产生了极大的影响。如何让未来的社会成员面临可能出现的职业变动 ,适应多种社会职业的要求 ,这是我国职业教育改革必须关注的问题。马克思曾就资本主义大工业发展和个人全面发展问题提出的综合技术教育思想 ,不仅具有历史意义 ,也具有现实意义。因此 ,我国的职业教育改革不应强化单一的职业训练 ,而应研究和实施综合技术教育 ,为未来的社会成员适应职业流动的趋势奠定基础