政党治理视域中的群众路线

在群众中学习,在学习中把握执政规律,在尊重规律中求得发展,在科学发展中巩固执政地位。当代中国处于迅速发展的社会转型期,伴随着经济全球化、政治民主化以及文化多元化的冲击,社会结构日益复杂化,人民群众的利益诉求日趋多样化,执政党在处理党群关系的实践中面临着新的形势,而要顺应新形势,必须要创新党群关系的思路和方法。文章分析了执政党处理党群关系所面临的新的问题和挑战,指出必须要从战略高度认识到群众路线之于政党治理的重要意义,阐明了政党治理的价值目标与为人民服务的内在契合;指出在政党治理视域下,坚持群众路线的着力点,即要发挥群众主体作用、创新党群沟通方式、树立依法治理理念、建立联系群众制度。只有把群众路线与政党治理结合起来,才能不断提高党治国理政的能力,实现党自身肩负的历史使命。     

宗族势力对城乡结合部乡村治理的负面影响及对策——基于对Ｓ省Ｗ村的调研

城镇化进程中,宗族势力已成为城乡结合部乡村治理过程中的重要阻力。如何消除宗族势力对城乡结合部乡村治理的负面影响,加强农村的基层民主建设,完善乡村治理结构,已成为社会管理的难点问题。基于对我国 S 省 W 村的实地调研,列举了宗族势力对城乡结合部乡村治理在负面影响方面的两大表现,分析了产生负面影响的原因,并提出了消除负面影响的对策建议。     

When the state takes over: civic integration programmes and the role of cities in immigrant integration

The idea that cities enjoy a certain degree of autonomy from the state when it comes to shaping immigrant integration policy has been repeatedly highlighted by research and promoted by good governance discourses. However, the emergence of state-led civic integration programmes (CIP) across Europe would seem to jar with this movement. This is the contradiction that this article explores. CIP mobilise significant resources and streamline immigrant integration through language courses, the provision of information about the host society and vocational orientation. Drawing on policy documents and interviews with local policy-makers on the CIP in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden, this article demonstrates how they reduce the role cities have in immigrant integration; and how they transform integration policies—to varying degrees—from being developed in relationship to locally emerging needs to being charged with state sovereignty. These findings challenge the idea that there is an increasingly local approach to integration. They also raise concerns about the ambitions of CIP. Although presented as a means to make integration policies more efficient, their focus on control and coercion may in fact jeopardise their capacity to respond to concrete integration needs.     

Institutional Governance of Minority Religious Practices: Insights from a Study of Muslim Practices in Danish Schools

An increasing number of studies are concerned with the ways in which the religious practices of Europe's minority populations are accommodated on the political, national and local levels. In this article, I present a case study of Muslim practices in Danish schools. The study is an investigation of how and why six selected practices are governed in Danish schools: halal food, fasting, prayer, head scarves, holidays and mosques. The results underline the importance of the specific practice in question for the way in which it is governed: some practices are easily accommodated, while others are rejected outright by the schools. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how governance of Muslim practices is developed in the absence of national regulation and against the prevailing ideals in the Danish public debate. In fact, the governance developed seems to be a direct response to the number of Muslim children in school and in line with general school ideals of inclusion. However, the results also indicate that more direct involvement by local or national authorities might push schools to be more exclusive with regard to Muslim practices.     

Segregation and protectionism: Institutionalised views of Aboriginal rurality

Rurality is a complex and contested term, with multiple notions and gazes amid calls for theoretical pluralism. In Australia, the spatial categories of ‘remote’, ‘rural’, ‘regional’ and ‘urban’ are applied to places that vary in their distance from an economic and political core and have differing population densities. We argue that natural resources institutions in rural Australia demand an ‘authentic’ performance of Aboriginality that is framed within orthodox and stable constructions of an Indigeneity associated with the remote category. Dominant representations of remote Aboriginal people living on traditional homelands and engaged in ‘traditional’ environmental protection are assumed to hold for all places and transposed when natural resources institutions satisfy compulsory Indigenous engagement. Such institutional requirements for authenticity exclude alternative and multiple Indigenous voices in natural resources management. Rather, Aboriginal people seek engagement across a portfolio of natural resources activities typically found in rural areas (such as mining, grazing, forestry, water allocation planning, and natural resources service delivery and enterprise development), and not just isolated in natural and cultural heritage conservation. This broad participation would more completely match their expressed aspirations and the multiple lived realities of their fluid and networked rural worlds. Using the rural town of Eidsvold in Australia as a case study, we discuss the findings of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with Indigenous people at regional natural resources management meetings and at ‘home’ in Eidsvold. Rather than a generic institutional approach, a place-based approach to understanding the complex ruralities of Aboriginal people is needed.     

NGOs, Global Governance and the UN: NGOs as “Guardians of the Reform of the International System”

The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the United Nations (UN), as well as in world politics in general, is increasingly gaining the attention of scholars of international law, political science and social anthropology. Using extensive earlier research on NGO-UN relations and on the concept of global governance, it is concluded that although NGOs are becoming increasingly influential actors on the international arena, several problems impede their influence from growing within the UN. Once the inefficiencies of NGOs participation in United Nations’ bodies and institutions have been described, we propose some modalities of reform of this Organization, with the purpose of improving the involvement of world civil society in UN decision-making processes, and increasing its democratic profile. Finally, the study suggests several areas that require future research and more in-depth study in order to make predictions about how NGO-UN relations will evolve in the coming decades.

村民自治背景下的村级公共权力厘定

村民自治背景下,基层社会治理发生了重大转变,以村级公共权力为视角进行观察,能够比较准确地反映这种转变。基于对制度文本及实践模式的研究,村级公共权力的基本内涵可以确定为,在中国共产党领导下的村级政治主体为实现村级公共利益进行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督的法定权力。在这一基本内涵的基础上可以发现,村级公共权力的静态回路是一个多主体多层次的复杂体系,且其运行过程存在不同环节的发展不均衡和结果低效率的现象。     

重大疫情防控中网络舆情治理的实践困境与策略优化

疫情防控关乎生命安全,舆情治理关系民心所向。基于重大疫情防控下的网络空间呈现出前兆性缺失、全民性参与、持续性诱发的舆情特征,由此引发了一系列辐射效应,造成深层次的结构性社会影响,导致了社会心态的转变和非理性情绪的蔓延。以信息、情绪和制度为视角的网络空间中,信息场域混乱导致信息失衡、非理性表达导致消极氛围、制度效能不足导致治理式微的实践困局,网络舆情空间乱象频发。疫情防控下的网络舆情治理体系,应以维持信息生态平衡为基础重建信息场域,以引导正面社会情绪为指向重塑情绪氛围,以发挥制度治理效能为动力重构制度体系,以此构筑战疫精神堡垒,凝聚民族精神伟力。     

政府的权力作用方式变革与社会治理能力提升

伴随十八届三中全会全面深化改革的启动,以"转变政府职能"为核心的行政体制改革对政府变革权力作用方式,推进治理体系和治理能力现代化提出了新要求。回溯建国以来政府权力作用方式的演变与适应社会治理需要之间的互动过程可以发现,随着社会治理主体、治理方式、治理理念的变化,政府权力作用方式需要相应变革以适应现代社会治理的需要。因此着重探讨新形势下的社会治理所要求的政府权力作用方式变革,进而通过变革提升其社会治理能力。     

后哥本哈根时代全球气候治理呼唤正义

在国际无政府状态下,气候公共产品必须要靠各国通过合作来集体提供。而要创建应对气候变化的国际合作体系并使其持续有效,就必须以正义为本。为了使人类能够打破目前的气候变化正义悖论,就需要启动一项全球正义工程：通过阐明正义、普及正义和实现正义三步骤来催生气候道德,最终依靠人类自身的改变来逐渐复原已被改变的气候系统。