Information is power? Transparency and fetishism in international relations

International actors, state and non-state, have embraced transparency as a solution to all manner of political problems. Theoretical analyses of these processes present transparency in a fetishtic manner, in which the social relations that generate transparency are misrecognized as the product of information itself. This paper will outline the theoretical problems that arise when transparency promotion is fetishized in International Relations theory. Examining the fetishism of transparency, we will note the problematic conceptions of politics, the public sphere, and rationality they generate. Confusing the relationship between data, information and knowledge, fetishized treatments of transparency obscure the historical dynamics responsible for the emergence of transparency as a political practice. This alters our understanding of the relationship between global governance institutions, their constituents, and the nature of knowledge production itself. Realizing the normative promise of transparency requires a reorientation of theory towards sociologically and historically sensitive approaches to the politics of knowledge.     

淬硬H13钢在高速铣削时的刀具磨损性能实验研究

征地拆迁所涉利益巨大，农民从个体理性出发，想通过做钉子户获得更多利益。政府在征地拆迁中制造的政策性空间、寻租性空间以及操作性空间，为农民从想做“钉子户”到成为“钉子户”提供了可能。同时，政府为了更好完成拆迁的一些策略反而增加了拆迁户的相对剥夺感和不公平感，从而进一步刺激了拆迁户争当钉子户的行为。农民的公平观更多是基于村庄横向比较的相对剥夺感，这对征地拆迁补偿政策的制定意义重大。重视农民的相对剥夺感和公平观，并由此制定拆迁补偿政策、从国家治理层面压缩钉子户产生的空间是治理农村征地拆迁钉子户的有效途径，这从国家反腐向基层深入后征地拆迁中钉子户得到了有效抑制的现实结果得到了验证。同时，村委是把“双刃剑”，需要谨慎把控村委在征地拆迁中的作用。     

需求扰动下生产规模不经济闭环供应链的应急渠道决策

针对生产规模不经济闭环供应链，在突发事件干扰其产品的市场需求发生扰动的情况下，比较研究了各类回收渠道分散式决策系统和集中式决策系统的应急均衡决策及契约协调问题。结果表明：当需求的扰动程度不大时，各类系统正常运营环境下新产品的订购量和废旧品的回收量等均衡决策均具鲁棒性，当需求的扰动程度较大时，各类系统均应按其扰动方向调整正常运营环境下制定的均衡决策；制造商回收渠道分散式决策系统中其获得的利润和系统的总利润均高于零售商回收渠道分散式决策系统的，且制造商会利用更高比例的废旧品生产再造品，因此其应直接回收废旧品；各企业的利润和系统的总利润均随生产规模不经济弹性系数的增加而降低；设计的应急收益费用共享契约可协调解决各类回收渠道分散式决策系统中存在的"双重边际效应"问题，且各企业可通过讨价还价确定收益费用共享比例的取值来获得帕累托改进的利润。     

Co‐production,governance and practice: The dynamics and effects of User Voice Prison Councils

Drawing on Bevir's (2013) decentered theory of governance, and Donati's (2016) theory of the relational subject, this article explores how User Voice Prison Councils in England have contributed to shifts in aspects of prison governance and practice. It discusses the cultural and policy context in which the Councils emerged and operate before exploring their perceived purposes, dynamics, and effects. User Voice Prison Councils represent an important example of different actors co‐producing alternative patterns of governance through innovations in democratic participation. Interviews with Prison Council participants, User Voice and prison staff revealed that the development of such “bottom–up” participatory governance practices require and restore interpersonal trust, the mechanisms of which are interactions underpinned by a distinct manner of relating and the establishment of a network of relations oriented to the common good. The effects include enhanced institutional legitimacy; improvements in prison officer‐prisoner relations; and greater quality of life for prisoners. Revealing the “how” of co‐production, from the “inside”, the argument advanced here is that while the effects of co‐production may be more ameliorative than transformative, such collaborative and dialogic approaches can enable differently situated people to forge new norms of interactions and forms of democratic participation to achieve collective goals.     

Inter-organizational governance: a review,conceptualisation and extension

Abstract

Although the concepts of relational and contractual governance in inter-organizational relationships have attracted academic and practitioner interest over the last decades, to date there have been limited comprehensive and systematic efforts to review, analyse and synthesise extant literature. We review and analyse 1,415 publications identified from a wide range of management disciplines and journals from 1990 to 2018. We deploy bibliographic and content analyses to offer a comprehensive literature analyses and synthesis and subsequently develop and position a multidimensional framework of exchange governance. The proposed framework covers existing conceptualisations of exchange governance and its diverse mechanisms, environmental dimensions influencing the use of exchange governance mechanisms and performance implications. We uncover areas that are currently under-studied and draw out fruitful future research avenues.     

What future for the Global Aid for Trade Initiative? Towards an assessment of its achievements and limitations

As with any form of contemporary global governance, the impact of the global Aid for Trade Initiative (2006) has been mixed. However, to dismiss it as a failure would be premature. The co‐ordination system established was based on best‐practice techniques of governance in a diverse non‐hierarchical environment, such as the international development community. This form of co‐operation cannot overcome global economic and political asymmetries, but it can be effective in several respects. In particular, the Initiative led to increased funding for AfT and kick‐started a range of initiatives and technical advances; while the monitoring process has evolved significantly to give voice to new actors and issues. Although the future of the AfT Initiative is uncertain, its achievements merit careful consideration.     

平等合作：从灾后重建看政府与社会工作服务组织的伙伴关系

"5.12汶川大地震"后,国家迅速启动了各种应急机制进行抗震救灾,解放军、武警、公安、消防、医护人员、卫生防疫人员、食品安检人员等各类专业人员纷纷加入到救灾行列中,用实际行动支援四川灾后重建工作.社会工作者也通过各种渠道深入灾区,服务于灾区群众.     

"治访循环"现象的生成逻辑——基于宏观政治环境与微观行动相结合视角的分析

从上访反映问题,相关部门的治理,到问题的初步解决或拖延,再到出现遗留问题或产生新的问题,再引发上访者越级上访进一步反映问题,相关部门再治理……由此,形成了治访循环的现象。这种现象只有放在国家的宏观政治结构与微观行动相结合的视角才能理解。因此,仅仅依靠信访制度的改革还不足以消解这种现象,而且还需要在范围更为广阔的体制领域内进行结构性的变迁。