辩护律师的伦理:以忠诚义务为视点

在我国刑事诉讼模式由职权主义向当事人主义转型的条件下,辩护律师对事实的真实义务,应理解为辩护律师有依据事实进行辩护的义务,即善意地依据其认为是真实的事实进行辩护的义务;辩护律师对法律的忠实义务,是法治国家法律至上原则的根本要求;辩护律师对于诉讼中所得知的不利案件事实或未曾被发现控诉的罪行履行保密义务则构成了其对委托人(利益)的诚实义务之核心。当然,对于辩护律师的三种忠诚义务可能导致的内在冲突,必须贯彻法律正义的要求,在致力于法律正义实现的前提下予以协调。     

中国国防建设的环境分析

在把中国国防建设的环境分为国际环境和国内环境的基础上,分别分析了中国国防建设的国内外环境的有利和不利因素,认为虽然中国的国防建设环境中存在一定的有利因素,但从整体而言,中国国防建设的环境十分严峻,并且针对此提出了自己的对策、建议。     

逆防卫的许禁之争及其适用条件分析

原不当侵害人对不当防卫能否进行逆防卫,理论上存在赞成与反对两种观点。当面临生命或重大健康安全时人会本能地反击,这是人性的表面,国外立法和我国正当防卫制度都没有否定原不法侵害人的逆防卫权。着眼于加害与被害的关系,否定逆防卫人的逆防卫权有脱离现实之嫌。但逆防卫毕竟是一种特殊的防卫,如果按正当防卫的一般条件要求逆防卫人,不利于原防卫人权利的保护,因而还必须为其设置一些特殊的限制条件。从逆防卫的特殊性出发,除满足正当防卫的一般条件外,逆防卫的成立还要满足四个条件：一是不当防卫必须严重危及人身安全;二是严重危及人身安全的不当防卫非常紧迫;三是对严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪不允许进行逆防卫;四是逆防卫人必须履行躲避义务。     

江苏沿海经济转型升级的金融支持策略——以盐城市为例

江苏沿海经济已进入一个新的发展阶段,迫切需要经济发展方式的转型与升级。盐城市着力抢抓江苏沿海发展和长三角经济一体化国家战略的叠加机遇,积极打造长三角北翼金融高地,采取了一系列超常规的金融发展举措：（1）不断优化信贷投放结构,加强对实体经济重点领域的支持;（2）均衡配置城乡金融资源,加强对实体经济薄弱环节的支持;（3）着力突破融资瓶颈制约,加强对实体经济拉动因素的支持;（4）积极探索金融发展规律,努力营造区域良好金融生态环境。     

明代辽东海防体系建制与军事聚落特征研究

通过对明代军事管理体制演化进程的分析,以及对明代辽东长城军事聚落与沿海军事聚落在防御对象、地理条件、建置沿革、规划布局、功能等方面的比较研究,揭示了明代辽东沿海军事聚落的形态特征,证明了明代辽东沿海军事聚落是一个立体化而高效率的防御空间;其体系化的规划布局和功能设计,使这一系统具备了层次化的纵深防御和独特的信息传递功能。     

高等学校国防教育学科建设研究

高等学校国防教育学科建设是根据国家开展全民国防教育的方针政策和策略,并结合高校自身开展国防教育的实践及其特点和规律,采取必要的措施和手段,促进高校国防教育学科发展和水平提高的活动过程。本文主要从高等学校国防教育学科建设的界定,高等学校国防教育学科建设的意义及价值,我国高等学校国防教育学科建设取得的主要成就和存在的主要问题,以及推进我国高等学校国防教育学科建设的对策与措施等方面,来阐述对高等学校国防教育学科建设的观点及看法。     

Ecosocial change and community resilience: The case of “Bönan” in glocal transition

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article was to identify and discuss ecosocial changes and community resilience mechanisms in a coastal fishing community of Sweden – Bönan. Data were collected through eight semi-structured interviews and field observations. An abductive thematic analysis was used to analyze data and background literature. The findings showed that Bönan has been exposed to a combination of ecosocial changes that have transformed the community, and therefore required community resilience interventions. This article concludes that social workers need to take an active part in ecosocial work for enhancing community resilience.     

Defender–Attacker Games with Asymmetric Player Utilities

The presence of strategic attackers has become an important factor in the security and protection of systems, especially since the 9/11/2001 attacks, and considerable efforts have been dedicated to its study. When defending against the strategic attacker, many existing studies assume that the attacker would seek to minimize the defender's utility, which implies that the defender and attacker have symmetric utilities. However, the attacker's objective is determined by its own valuation of the system and target of the attack, which is not necessarily consistent with the defender's utility. If the attacker unexpectedly targets a different utility, then the defense strategy might no longer be optimal. In particular, the defense strategy could be inferior if the attacker's utility is not known to the defender. This study considers a situation where the defender's utility is the system survivability and the attacker's utility is the expected number of destroyed elements in the system. We investigate possible attack strategies under these two different utilities and compare (a) the conservative defense strategy when the attack utility is unknown to the defender with (b) the optimal defense strategy when the attack utility is known to the defender. We show that the conservative protection strategy is still optimal under asymmetric utilities when the contest intensity is smaller than one.     

Evaluation of the Food and Agriculture Sector Criticality Assessment Tool (FASCAT) and the Collected Data

To protect and secure food resources for the United States, it is crucial to have a method to compare food systems’ criticality. In 2007, the U.S. government funded development of the Food and Agriculture Sector Criticality Assessment Tool (FASCAT) to determine which food and agriculture systems were most critical to the nation. FASCAT was developed in a collaborative process involving government officials and food industry subject matter experts (SMEs). After development, data were collected using FASCAT to quantify threats, vulnerabilities, consequences, and the impacts on the United States from failure of evaluated food and agriculture systems. To examine FASCAT's utility, linear regression models were used to determine: (1) which groups of questions posed in FASCAT were better predictors of cumulative criticality scores; (2) whether the items included in FASCAT's criticality method or the smaller subset of FASCAT items included in DHS's risk analysis method predicted similar criticality scores. Akaike's information criterion was used to determine which regression models best described criticality, and a mixed linear model was used to shrink estimates of criticality for individual food and agriculture systems. The results indicated that: (1) some of the questions used in FASCAT strongly predicted food or agriculture system criticality; (2) the FASCAT criticality formula was a stronger predictor of criticality compared to the DHS risk formula; (3) the cumulative criticality formula predicted criticality more strongly than weighted criticality formula; and (4) the mixed linear regression model did not change the rank‐order of food and agriculture system criticality to a large degree.     

武德使军人走向崇高——与国防生谈军人武德养成（一）

军人养成的基点起于武德养成。国防生作为我军后备军官,要真正实现从地方青年向合格的革命军人转变,必须从大学阶段就重视并强化武德养成。为进一步激发国防生武德养成的积极性与自觉性,应首先使其把握武德内涵,理解武德养成的重大意义,在理性上认同武德作为军人的特殊职业道德,是古往今来军人的从戎之道,是战争中分量最重的精神力量,它铸就军人的英雄之美,让军人生命走向崇高。