图式理论、学习策略与大学英语口语教学

本研究采用定量分析的方法,对84名天水师范学院非英语专业的学生的口语水平进行测试。根据图式理论,口语任务分为有关键词及句型提示类和无提示类,并对被试的学习策略使用情况做了调查,结果发现,口语任务有提示与无提示对学生的口语成绩有显著影响,这说明图式理论完全适用于大学英语口语教学。     

谈分级显性意义假说对反语中的认知参照点的解释力

本文运用Giora的分级显性意义假说分析了Langacker的认知参照点理论，并对反语中的认知参照点进行分析，得出反语中的认知参照点也是层级突显的结论，为反语的理解提供一个新的视角。     

图式理论与口语产出

图式认知理论认为,人们在理解、吸收输入信息时需要对新输入信息进行解码和编码,编码必须与大脑中的图式网相匹配才能完成信息处理。认识到这一点对提高口语产出能力的培养是十分重要的。在大学外语口语产出训练中,应重视信息输入。朗读和背诵是强化信息输入的一种有效方式。     

科学与人文整合的一种模式

遵循整体观和相对性理念，在“认知思维模式”基础上，提出了一种无学科界面、自然融合型的科学与人文整合模式，从根本上解决了科学与人文长期以来的分割与对立的局面。并依据该模式提出了“‘组织结构’决定‘性能＇”法则、“更大层次系统对系统制约的第一性”的“伦理”法则、“子系统之间和谐共存”法则等思想将引导人类走上“天人合一”的和谐永续的文明道路。     

汉语量词"把"的意义、分类及用法--面向第二语言教学的认知解释与功能研究

根据意义和功能,现代汉语的量词"把"分为两类3种:个体量词"把1",集合量词"把2",动量词"把3"。研究发现,量词的使用是一种范畴确认或语法归类,最初使用量词的对象的认知原型,在相当程度上制约着同类对象的量词选取;围绕动词"把"及其有关项所形成的意义,是制约量词"把"的类型和使用的重要因素。     

预设推理与语篇情景组合模式

预设推理是一种以读者经验争认知结构为基础的认知活动.对语篇语义的理解,既需要读者解读语言因素又需要读者的非语言因素的参与,即与语篇相关的预设推理.语篇情景组合就是作者利用先前存入的知识以及认知能力并与文本中的符号产生联系,以互明的认知情境为栽体,在话语之间建构最佳关联,以取得最大语境效果,创设情景的心理认知过程.文章拟从读者在解读语篇时所采用的预设推理方法以及作者在建构语篇时所采用的语篇情景组合模式两方面来探讨含义推导的心理认知过程.     

Complex belief-desire reasoning in children

Previous research concerned with children's belief-desire psychology has examined the capacity to predict or interpret action on the basis of the implicit proposition that ‘when an actor desires a particular end and believes that a particular action will achieve that end, he or she will undertake that action’. The limitations of this formulation for understanding acts of omission are outlined and an elaborated version of belief-desire psychology introduced. This version holds that ‘when an actor desires a particular end and believes that a particular action will achieve that end, and when it is believed that there are no co-occurring outcomes of that action whose avoidance is desired more highly than is the originally conceived end, then the actor will undertake the action which will satisfy the original desire’. An experiment is reported which examines 4-, 5, and 7-year-olds' ability to predict story characters' actions on the basis of either their true or false beliefs concerning undesirable outcomes associated with the pursuit of a desired end. Children of all age-groups provided evidence of understanding the elaborated version of belief-desire psychology. However, a significant improvement was noted between the ages of 4 and 7 years in the ability to understand circumstances involving false beliefs.     

阅读测验中认知与元认知策略研究

语言知识、策略能力和情绪等心理和社会特征在语言使用中交互作用,并对语言沟通能力产生影响。文章采用定量与定性方法对其预测性及内部关联加以实证。研究发现二者关联度很强,元认知策略对绩效预测力显著强于认知策略。认知与元认知策略呈现相互嵌套模式,相同加工行动在不同情境中由于履行功能差异而转换角色。     

从图式理论看大学英语听力教学

所谓"图式"是指每个人的既有知识在大脑中的储存方式.本文从语言图式和内容图式两个方面分析了语言知识、背景知识与英语听力学习之间的关系,并指出加强图式知识的建构将有效地提高学生的听力水平.     

On the effectiveness of cognitive feedback from an interface agent

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of task information (TI) provided by an interface agent during the idea evaluation and integration step of the problem formulation stage of the problem solving process. The effectiveness assessment was based on solving diagnostic decision problems in the domain of complex industrial machinery. Ten domain experts participated in this study. Decision support was provided by a case-based reasoning system. Findings suggest that TI provided by the interface agent had no effect on the decision maker's performance, nor on the associated cognitive effort. However, a verbal protocol analysis revealed that the ten subjects used the interface agent to verify their decision processes. The results and their implications are discussed with respect to current findings in the area of decision support systems.